Organic fluorine compound

In 1896, the synthesis of ethyl fluoroacetate marked the beginning of organic fluorine chemistry research, which has been around for a whole century. During this period, several historic breakthroughs have greatly promoted the development of organic fluorine chemistry, such as the application of Freon in the refrigeration industry in the 1930s, the implementation of Manhattan engineering during World War II, and the highly physiologically active 5-fluorourea in the 1950s. Synthesis of pyrimidines, etc. China's fluorine resources are abundant, and the proven reserves of fluorite account for about a quarter of the world's total reserves. However, until the 1950s, fluorine chemistry was still blank in China. In the late 1950s, due to changes in the international situation, China began to develop atomic energy technology on its own, and urgently needed a special batch of fluorine-containing materials. Since then, research on organic fluorine chemistry has begun in China. The Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been praised as “Shanghai Fluorine Chemistry” by the international fluorine chemical industry for its excellent work in basic research of organic fluorine chemistry. The organic fluorine compound is also called a fluorocarbon compound, that is, a compound having a CF bond in a molecular structure, such as tetrafluoroethylene (CF2=CF2), and all hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule are replaced by fluorine atoms, and are called perfluorocarbon. Compound. Fluorine is the atom with the strongest electronegativity and the highest degree of oxidation in the periodic table. Therefore, the fluoropolymer is not easily oxidatively cleaved, and the radius of the fluorine atom is almost equivalent to half the spacing of the CC bond atoms. Therefore, the fluorine atoms can be closely arranged in the carbon atom. Around it, a barrier to the CC bond is formed to ensure its chemical stability. The bond energy of the CF bond is extremely high, so that the organic fluoride has good thermal stability, chemical stability and oxidation resistance. There are many fluorine-containing compounds in the medicine, such as general anesthetic halothane, anticancer drug, fluorouracil, sedative fluphenazine, antipsychotic drug haloperidol and the like. Organic fluorine compounds can be roughly classified into three categories. 1 fluorochloroalkane, mainly used in refrigerants and aerosols (see Freon entry). 2 Perfluorocarbons and perfluoroethers, acids, tertiary amines, wherein perfluoroalkanes are highly chemically stable. For example, perfluoroheptane is a lubricating oil having oxidation resistance and high temperature resistance; a perfluoroolefin such as tetrafluoroethylene is a monomer of polytetrafluoroethylene; and a saturated organic compound such as perfluorodecalin and perfluoro tertiary amine is emulsified. A white lotion (called white blood) is used as a substitute for blood for clinical success. 3Fluorinated polymers have excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, low temperature and chemical resistance. Such as the plastic king of PTFE, a mixture of vinylidene fluoride and perfluoropropylene copolymerized perfluoro-rubber (called Weitong rubber), etc., widely used in defense, aerospace, petroleum, chemical, machinery and other departments, such as Fire-resistant coatings for moonwear, corrosion-resistant pipes, containers, garments, wear-resistant bushings, sliding seals for road and railway bridges, gaskets, etc.