Antihypertensive drug

The pressure on the walls of blood vessels as the blood flows through the blood vessels is called blood pressure. Hypertension refers to arterial blood pressure (represented by the radial artery pressure of the elbow) is higher than normal. Due to the different levels of medical care in various countries and regions of the world, the range of hypertension determined is also different. The standard in China is: in the absence of antihypertensive drugs, systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg (18.6 × 103 Pa), or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg (12.0 × 103 Pa), that is (or Diagnosed as) high blood pressure. Clinically, hypertension is divided into two categories, one is hypertension with unknown cause, called "primary hypertension", also known as "hypertension"; the other is high blood pressure with clear cause. Hypertension caused by diseases such as nephritis and brain tumors, hypertension is only a symptom of these diseases, so it is called "secondary hypertension", also known as "symptomatic hypertension." The main thing introduced here is the former, namely hypertension. It belongs to the category of "dizziness" and "headache" of Chinese medicine practitioners. Antihypertensive drugs are drugs used to treat hypertension. Also known as hypotonor. Rational use of antihypertensive drugs can not only effectively control excessive blood pressure, but also reduce or eliminate subjective symptoms caused by high blood pressure. Long-term use can also reduce complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction. , heart failure and renal insufficiency, etc., thereby prolonging the life of the patient. At present, there are more than 350 antihypertensive drugs developed in various countries around the world, but only 100 kinds are available for clinical use, and 10 of them have been recommended by WHO (1985) and the National Council for Hypertension Education (1988). For commonly used antihypertensive drugs. Antihypertensive drugs can be divided into five categories, such as diuretics, sympathetic blockers, vasodilators, calcium antagonists, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, depending on the mechanism of action. In recent years, potassium channel openers and serotonin type 2 receptor antagonists have emerged as novel antihypertensive drugs, some of which are still being further studied, and some have entered the clinical trial stage. All kinds of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on hemodynamics, pharmacological effects and clinical applications due to different functional principles (see related terms for details). However, an excellent antihypertensive drug should have: good gastrointestinal absorption, definite antihypertensive effect, no postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia after taking the drug, no obvious adverse reactions and toxic effects, no blood Increased renin activity, anhydrous sodium retention, no drug resistance, and compatibility with other drugs. To date, no antihypertensive drug has met these requirements. Clinicians can choose the correct according to the characteristics of the drug and the specific conditions of the patient. For example, considering the combination of drugs, they can refer to their similarities and differences, and learn from each other to reduce adverse reactions and enhance the efficacy.