Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a receptor on T cells that has been shown to suppress activating signals from the T cell receptor when bound by either of its ligands, Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or PD-L2. When PD-1 expressing T cells contact cells expressing its ligands, functional activities in response to antigenic stimuli, including proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity are reduced. PD-1/PD-Ligand interactions down regulate immune responses during resolution of an infection or tumor, or during the development of self tolerance. Interference with the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction has also shown enhanced T cell activity in chronic infection systems. Chronic lymphocytic chorio meningitis virus infection of mice also exhibits improved virus clearance and restored immunity with blockade of PD-L1. In addition to enhancing immunologic responses to chronic antigens, blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has also been shown to enhance responses to vaccination, including therapeutic vaccination in the context of chronic infection.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Cemiplimab

Cemiplimab (Anti-Human PD-1) is a high-affinity programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) monoclonal IgG4 antibody that blocks PD-1/PD-L1-mediated T-cell suppression. Cemiplimab is commonly used in squamous cell skin cancer research[1][2].

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Pacmilimab

Pacmilimab (CX-072) is a potent PD-L1 inhibitor. Pacmilimab shows antitumor activity[1].

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PD-1/PD-L1-IN-25

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-25 (compound D2) is an inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with an IC50 value of 16.17 nM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-25 activates the antitumor immunity of T cells efficiently in PBMCs. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-25 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2768759-52-8
  • MF: C26H24ClN3O5
  • MW: 493.94
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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Cosibelimab

Cosibelimab (CK-301; TG-1501) is a high-affinity, fully human PD-L1-blocking monoclonal antibody that binds PD-L1 and blocks its interaction with PD-1. Cosibelimab has a functional Fc domain and is capable of inducing ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)-mediated killing of PD-L1+ cell lines, including lymphoma cells[1].

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PD-1/PD-L1-IN-28

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-28 (compound 3) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway (IC50=0.744 µM). PD-1/PD-L1-IN-28 shows good research potential in tumor immunity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2499965-07-8
  • MF: C24H24N4O2
  • MW: 400.47
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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Cadonilimab

Cadonilimab (AK104) is a targeting PD1/CTLA4 IgG1 scaffold Fc-engineered humanized antibody. Cadonilimab can be used for researching metastatic cervical cancer[1][2].

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Human PD-L1 inhibitor IV

Human PD-L1 inhibitor IV, a polypeptide, is a competitive human PD-1 protein inhibitor with a Kd value of 1.38 μM. Human PD-L1 inhibitor IV inhibit the interaction of hPD-1/hPD-L1[1].

  • CAS Number: 2135542-83-3
  • MF: C80H113N25O27
  • MW: 1856.90
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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Nofazinlimab

Nofazinlimab (CS1003) is a humanised IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Nofazinlimab can be used for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) research[1].

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Sugemalimab

Sugemalimab is a fully human, full length, anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Sugemalimab shows anticancer activities and can be used for non-small cell lung cancer research[1].

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Rulonilimab

Rulonilimab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against PD-1 that targets, binds and inhibits PD-1 and its downstream signalling pathways with potential immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-tumour activity[1].

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PD1-IN-2

PD1-IN-2 is a PD1 signaling pathway inhibitor, which acts as an immunomodulator.

  • CAS Number: 1673534-97-8
  • MF: C11H17N5O8
  • MW: 347.28
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22 (Example 2) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interaction. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22 blocks PD-1/PD-L1 with the IC50 of 0.732 μM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22 can be used for the research of cancers, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2159063-12-2
  • MF: C25H26BrClN2O3
  • MW: 517.84
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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BMS-37

BMS-37 is a PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. BMS-37 can be used as PD-L1 ligand to synthesize PROTAC molecules[1].

  • CAS Number: 1675202-20-6
  • MF: C27H32N2O4
  • MW: 448.55
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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Sasanlimab

Sasanlimab (PF-06801591) is a humanized IgG4-κ antibody targeting PD-1. Mainly expressed by CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells[1].

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Human PD-L1 inhibitor II

Human PD-L1 inhibitor II is a potent PD-L1 inhibitor with anti-cancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2135542-85-5
  • MF: C103H151N25O30
  • MW: 2219.45
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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Tislelizumab

Tislelizumab, a monoclonal antibody with high binding affinity to the PD-1 receptor, minimizes Fcγ receptor binding on macrophages, thereby abrogating antibody-dependent phagocytosis, a mechanism of T cell clearance and potential resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Tislelizumab can be used for the research of advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer[1].

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Lorigerlimab

Lorigerlimab (MGD019) is a bispecific IgG4 dual-affinity re-targeting antibody (DART). Lorigerlimab can block PD-1 and CTLA-4, and improves T-cell responses. Lorigerlimab can be used for research of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)[1][2][3].

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PD-1/PD-L1-IN-20

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-20 (Example 21) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interaction. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-20 blocks PD-1/PD-L1 with the IC50 of 5.29 nM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-20 can be used for the research of cancers, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2159138-01-7
  • MF: C30H26BrClN2O3
  • MW: 577.90
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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Human PD-L1 inhibitor III

Human PD-L1 inhibitor III is a human PD-L1 inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 2135542-84-4
  • MF: C97H155N29O29S1
  • MW: 2223.70
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
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Budigalimab

Budigalimab (ABBV 181; PR 1648817) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor. Budigalimab is Fc mutated thus to reduce Fc receptor interactions and limit effector function[1].

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