TAT-GluA2 3Y is an inhibitor of AMPA receptor endocytosis. TAT-GluA2 3Y induces increased hind paw withdrawal latencies following thermal and mechanical stimuli in rats. TAT-GluA2 3Y also exhibits antinociceptive effects in a rat model of neuropathic pain. TAT-GluA2 3Y rescues pentobarbital-induced memory retrieval deficits in a rat model of learning and memory.
Ifenprodil tartrate is a novel N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that selectively inhibits receptors containing the NR2B subunit.
Perzinfotel (EAA-090) is a potent, selective, and competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with neuroprotective effects. Perzinfotel (EAA-090) shows high affinity (IC50=30 nM) for the glutamate site[1][2].
CP-465022 Maleate is a potent, and selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant activity. CP-465022 is against Kainate-induced response with an IC50 of 25 nM in rat cortical neurons. CP-465022 provides a new tool to investigate the role of AMPA receptors in physiological and pathophysiological processes[1][2].
L-Phenylalanine-3-13C ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-3-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
RPR104632 is a specific antagonist of NMDA receptor, with potent neuroprotective properties.
24-Hydroxycholesterol is a natural sterol, which serves as a positive allosteric modulator of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) receptorsR, and a potent activator of the transcription factors LXR.
NS-102 is a selective kainate (GluK2) receptors antagonist. NS-102 is a potent GluR6/7 receptor antagonist[1][2][3].
Transcrocetin (trans-Crocetin), extracted from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist with high affinity.
L-701252 is a potent antagonist of glycine site NMDA receptor with an IC50 of 420 nM. L-701252 provides a small degree of neuroprotection in global cerebral ischaemia[1].
Felbamate-d5 is the deuterium labeled Felbamate[1]. Felbamate (W-554) is a potent nonsedative anticonvulsant whose clinical effect may be related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)[2][3].
Isoxsuprine hydrochloride is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with Kis of 13.65 μΜ and 3.48 μΜ for myometrial and placcntal beta-adrenergic receptor, respectively. Isoxsuprine hydrochloride is also a NMDA receptor antagonist.
Zelquistinel is a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor partial agonist used for the research of depression, anxiety and other related psychiatric disorders[1].
Glycine-2-13C,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
(S)-AMPA (L-AMPA), an active S-enantiomer of AMPA, is a potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist[1][2].
6-Hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA) is a derivative of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and can be isolated from Ginkgo leaves. 6-Hydroxykynurenic acid is a low-affinity NMDAR antagonist (IC50: 59 μM)[1].
L-Glutamic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
NAB-14 is a potent, selective negative allosteric modulator of GluN2C/2D-containing NMDA receptors with IC50 of 580 nM, >800-fold selective over GluN2A/GluN2 receptors; inhibits triheteromeric (GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C) NMDARs with modestly reduced potency and efficacy compared to diheteromeric (GluN1/GluN2C/GluN2C) receptors; inhibits GluN2D-mediated synaptic currents in rat subthalamic neurons and mouse hippocampal interneurons, but has no effect on synaptic transmission in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
HBT1 is a novel potent AMPA receptor potentiator with lower agonistic effect compared with LY451395 and OXP1.
(S)-(-)-HA 966 ((-)-HA 966), a γ-Hydroxybutyrate-like agent, is weakly active as an NMDA-receptor antagonist. (S)-(-)-HA 966 possesses muscle relaxant action and prevents enhanced mesocorticolimbic dopamine metabolism and behavioral correlates of restraint stress, conditioned fear[1][2].
MPX-004 is a potent GluN2A antagonist. MPX-004 inhibits GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors expressed in HEK cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. MPX-004 has no inhibitory effect on GluN2B or GluN2D receptor-mediated responses. MPX-004 has the potential for neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders research[1].
L-Glutamic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
TCS 46b (Compound 46b) is a potent, selective and orally active NMDA NR1A/2B receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 5.3 nM[1].
ATPA is a selective glutamate receptor GluR5 activator with EC50s of 0.66, 9.5, 1.4, 23, 32, 18, and 14 μM for GluR5wt, GluR5(S741M), GluR5(S721T), GluR5(S721T, S741M), GluR5(S741A), GluR5(S741L), and GluR5(S741V), respectively[1].
Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid is a non-specific antagonist of NMDA, AMPA and kainate ionotropic receptors and a partial agonist for NMDA receptors. Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid can be used in blocking general excitatory synaptic transmissions[1].
NMDA receptor modulator 2 (Compound 1) is a potent NMDA receptor modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 2 can be used for neurological disorder research[1].
Dizocilpine, a potent anticonvulsant, is a selective and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, with a Kd of 37.2 nM in rat brain membranes. Dizocilpine acts by binding to a site located within the NMDA associated ion channel and thus prevents Ca2+ flux[1][2].
Tacrine hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of both AChE and BChE, with IC50s of 31 nM and 25.6 nM, respectively. Tacrine hydrochloride is also a NMDAR inhibitor, with an IC50 of 26 μM. Tacrine hydrochloride can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease[1][2].
GluN2B receptor modulator-1 is a selective GluN2B negative allosteric modulator with an IC50 value of 31 nM.
LY-466195 is a competitive antagonist of GLUK5 receptor.