Tanshindiol C is a S-adenosylmethionine-competitive EZH2 (Histone Methyltransferase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.55 μM for inhibiting the methyltransferase activity. Tanshindiol C is also an activator of both Nrf2 and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in macrophages. Tanshindiol C possesses anti-cancer activity, and can be used for atherosclerosis research[1][2].
Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) is a Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) protein-protein interaction inhibitor, and with an IC50 of 43 nM for Keap1 protein. Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) activates Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective response and antagonizes acetaminophen-induced liver injury both in cellular and in vivo models[1].
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2[1].
Pterisolic acid B (Compound 2) is an ent-Kaurane diterpenoid. Pterisolic acid B can be isolated from fern Pteris semipinnata (Pteridaceae)[1].
Keap1-Nrf2-IN-12 is a potent Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.30 µM. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-12 shows metabolic stability in human liver microsomes[1].
Nrf2-IN-1 (Compound 4f) is an inhibitor of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), acts as a promising agent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy[1].
Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound with diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase ((HATs)) and also shows inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPKs.
(R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone is a diarylheptanoid that can be found in Alpinia officinarum. (R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone ameliorates oxidative stress and insulin resistance via activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway[1].
DDO-7263, a 1,2,4-Oxadiazole derivative, is a potent Nrf2 activator. DDO-7263 upregulates Nrf2 through binding to Rpn6 to block the assembly of 26S proteasome and the subsequent degradation of ubiquitinated Nrf2. DDO-7263 activates the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and exerts anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Astilbin, a flavonoid compound, is isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra. Astilbin enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation.
Pyridoxine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Pyridoxine hydrochloride[1]. Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Pyridoxol;Vitamin B6) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol;Vitamin B6) exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway[2].
KI696 isomer is the less active isomer of KI696. KI696 is a high affinity probe that disrupts the Keap1/NRF2 interaction.
Dehydrobruceine B, a quassinoid, can be isolated from Brucea javanica. Dehydrobruceine B shows a synergistic effect with Cisplatin (HY-17394) to induce apoptosis via mitochondrial method. Dehydrobruceine B increases apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Bax expression and suppresses Keap1-Nrf2[1].
Toralactone, isolated from Cassia obtusifolia, mediates hepatoprotection via an Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative mechanism[1].
K67 is a specific inhibitor of the interaction between S349-phosphorylated p62 and Keap1, exhibts no inhibitory effect on the interaction of full-length Keap1 with Nrf2-ETGE or full-length Nrf2; has specific inhibitory effect on the Nrf2 target genes, dramatically suppresses the proliferations of Huh1 cells and of Huh7 cells expressing phospho-mimetic p62.
Luteolin is a falconoid compound, which exhibits anticancer properties.IC50 value:Target: A natural for anticancer.In vitro: Luteolin exerted an anticancer effect against NCI-H460 cells through Sirt1-mediated apoptosis and the inhibition of cell migration [1]. The treatment of luteolin upregulated the expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), p21WAF1/CIP1, p27KIP1, Smad4, and Fas in HCC cells. Luteolin induced apoptotic cell death in Hep3B cells while caused G1 arrest in HepG2 cells. And it induces apoptosis from G1 arrest via three signaling pathways of TGF-β1, p53, and Fas/Fas-ligand in HCC cells [2].In vivo: The study of the effect of Luteolin on the improvement of cancerous cachexia in model mice showed that luteolin can improve the symptoms of cancer cachexia model mice.The mechanism may be related to inhibition of proteasome and calcium activated protease activity and lower the levels of cytokines [3].
NK-252 is a potential Nrf2 activator, which exhibits a great Nrf2-activating potential.
Antroquinonol ((+)-Antroquinonol), a ubiquinone derivative from the mushroom Antrodia camphorata, has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects[1]. Antroquinonol can be used for the research of colon cancer[2]. Antroquinonol reduces oxidative stress by enhancing the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits inflammation and sclerosis in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mice[3].
TBHQ is an antioxidant that activates Nrf2.
Nrf2 activator-4 (Compound 20a) is a highly potent, orally active Nrf2 activator with an EC50 of 0.63 µM. Nrf2 activator-4 suppresses reactive oxygen species against oxidative stress in microglia. Nrf2 activator-4 effectively recovers the learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced mouse model[1].
Microcystin-LY, a cyclic heptapeptide toxin from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa[2], acts as an activator of the Nrf2 pathway to induce oxidative stress response, and the induction effect is most obvious at 3μM.[1].
Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Eriodictyol induces Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Chaetominine is an alkaloidal metabolite. Chaetominine has cytotoxicity against human leukemia K562 and colon cancer SW1116 cell lines. Chaetominine reduces MRP1-mediated drug resistance via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway in K562/Adr human leukemia cells[1][2].
Garcinone D, a natural xanthone from mangosteen, promotes the proliferation of C17.2 neural stem cell. Garcinone D increases the protein levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), Cyclin D1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in concentration- and time- dependent manners[1].
Hesperin is a bioactive ingredient present in Japanese horseradish (wasabi) and has been shown to be an Nrf2 activator.
Microcystin-[D-Asp3]-LR/Microcystin A is a cyanotoxin. Microcystin-[D-Asp3]-LR/Microcystin A can activate Nrf2 and promote oxidative stress response. Microcystin-[D-Asp3]-LR/Microcystin A can also be used in toxicology research[1][2].
(+)-DHMEQ is an activator of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. (+)-DHMEQ is the enantiomer of (-)-DHMEQ. (-)-DHMEQ inhibits NF-kB than its enantiomer (+)-DHMEQ.
ML334 is a potent, cell permeable activator of NRF2 by inhibition of Keap1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction. ML334 binds to Keap1 Kelch domain with a Kd of 1 μM. ML334 stimulates NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation and induces antioxidant response elements (ARE) activity[1][2].
Sappanone A is a homoisoflavanone which exhibits anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB. Sappanone can attenuate allergic airway inflammation in Ovalbumin-induced asthma[1].
Danshensu, an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, shows wide cardiovascular benefit by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.