Hydroxypyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Glycine, serine and threonine. It is a substrate for Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase and Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase.
2-Oxovaleric acid is a keto acid that is found in human blood.
Glutaric acid induces oxidative stress in brain of young rats.
Monoisobutyl phthalic acid is a phthalate metabolite that is in human semen and in meconium.
(S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid is a product of phenylalanine catabolism. An elevated level of phenyllactic acid is found in body fluids of patients with or phenylketonuria.
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a secondary metabolite of salicylic acid which has been hydrolyzed by liver enzymes during phase I metabolism.
Methylmalonate is an indicator of Vitamin B-12 deficiency in cancer.
Octanedioic acid is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency.
2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid, an unusual metabolite, is associated with 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease.
SAH is an amino acid derivative and a modulartor in several metabolic pathways. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine and adenosine.
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is a tryptophan metabolite in the kynurenine pathway.
D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.
Aminoadipic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine.
Tauroursodeoxycholate is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid is a biomass-derived diacid that can be used to make polymers including polyethylene furandicarboxylate (PEF).
Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal human metabolite excreted in the urine.
Sarcosine is a glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT) inhibitor and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist at the glycine binding site.
4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid is a normal organic acid identified in urine specimens from a healthy population.
Vanillin is a single molecule extracted from vanilla beans and also a popular odor used widely in perfume, food and medicine.
Undecanedioic acid is associated with intercellular matrix macromolecules and specifically with elastin.
α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation.
(R)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an intermediate in the pathways of l-valine and thymine and plays an important role in the diagnosis of the very rare inherited metabolic diseases 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria and methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells.
3-Hydroxyvaleric acid is a 5-carbon ketone body. 3-Hydroxyvaleric acid is anaplerotic, meaning it can refill the pool of TCA cycle intermediates.
Isospaglumic acid is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain.
3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid is a monohydroxy bile acid of endogenous origin and could be found in children with the syndrome of hepatic ductular hypoplasia.
2-Oxobutanoic acid is a product in the enzymatic cleavage of cystathionine.
3-Hydroxydodecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.
(S)-b-aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine.