XL228 is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 5, 3.1, 1.6, 6.1, 2 nM for Bcr-Abl, Aurora A, IGF-1R, Src and Lyn, respectively.
Picropodophyllin (AXL1717) is a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM.
I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538 (I-OMe-AG 538) is a specific inhibitor of IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase). I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538 inhibits IGF-1R-mediated signaling and is preferentially cytotoxic to nutrient-deprived PANC1 cells. I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase α (PI5P4Kα), with an IC50 of 1 µM[1].
AG 538 is a potent, competitive inhibitor of IGF-1 receptor kinase, with an IC50 of 400 nM[1].
Chimaphilin is an IGF-1R inhibitor (IC50: 0.086 μM). Chimaphilin has antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Chimaphilin inhibits the growth of both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant osteosarcoma cell lines. Chimaphilin can induce cancer cell apoptosis. Chimaphilin is a main component of pyrola[1][2].
IGF-1R inhibitor-2 (example 121) is an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor. Downregulation of IGF-1R can reverse the transformed phenotype of tumor cells and potentially render them susceptible to apoptosis[1].
NVP-AEW541 is a potent inhibitor of IGF-1R with IC50 of 0.15 μM, also inhibits InsR, with IC50 of 0.14 μM.
Dalotuzumab (MK-0646) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG1 type) targeting IGF-1R. Dalotuzumab acts by inhibiting IGF-1- and IGF-2-mediated tumor cell proliferation, IGF-1R autophosphorylation, and Akt phosphorylation. Dalotuzumab also induces Apoptosis and cycle arrest. Dalotuzumab in combination with other anticancer drugs such as statins can enhance the antitumor activity of Dalotuzumab in vitro and in vivo[1][2][3].
AZ7550-d5 is the deuterium labeled AZ7550 (HY-B0794). AZ7550, an active metabolite of AZD9291 (HY-15772), inhibits the activity of IGF1R with an IC50 of 1.6 μM[1][2].
Dusigitumab (MEDI 573) is a human IgG2λ monoclonal antibody that specifically targets IGF2 and IGF1[1].
PQ401, a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor blocker, is a novel diarylurea compound that inhibits IGF1R autophosphorylation with IC50 < 1 uM.IC50 Value: 12 uM (inhibited autophosphorylation of the IGF-IR in cultured human MCF-7 cells) [1]Target: IGF1Rin vitro: PQ401 inhibited autophosphorylation of the IGF-IR in cultured human MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 12 micromol/L and autophosphorylation of the isolated kinase domain of the IGF-IR with an IC50 <1 micromol/L. In addition,PQ401 inhibited the growth of cultured breast cancer cells in serum at 10 micromol/L. PQ401 was even more effective at inhibiting IGF-I-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells (IC50, 6 micromol/L) [1]. Twenty-four hours of treatment with 15 micromol/L PQ401 induced caspase-mediated apoptosis. Pretreatment with PQ401 before IGF-1 (10 ng in 0.5 μl), both administered to the POA 30 min apart, showed significant attenuation of the IGF-1-induced increase in core body temperature (p < 0.05). A similar attenuated hyperthermic response to IGF-1 by PQ401 pretreatment is observed when the temperature of the BAT is measured [3].in vivo: IGF1R inhibition by PQ401 exerted no significant effects on diabetic kidney disease parameters, arguing against a role for IGF-I in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. However, PQ401 affects normal kidneys, inducing renal hypertrophy as well as collagen and fat accumulation, with increased renal IGF-I mRNA, suggestive of a damage-regeneration process [2].Clinical trial: No Development Reported
Ceritinib dihydrochloride (LDK378 dihydrochloride) is potent inhibitor against ALK with IC50 of 0.2 nM, shows 40- and 35-fold selectivity against IGF-1R and InsR, respectively.
Xentuzumab (Anti-Human IGF1 and IGF2 Recombinant Antibody; BI836845) is a recombinant a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IGF ligands IGF1 and IGF2. Xentuzumab inhibits both of IGF1 and IGF2 growth-promoting signalling and suppresses AKT activation[1].
Ginsenoside Rg5 is the main component of Red ginseng. Ginsenoside blocks binding of IGF-1 to its receptor with an IC50 of ~90 nM. Ginsenoside Rg5 also inhibits the mRNA expression of COX-2 via suppression of the DNA binding activities of NF-κB p65.
Istiratumab (M-6495) is bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting IGF-1R and ErbB3. Istiratumab induces IGF-1R and ErbB3 receptor degradation through the proteasome pathway Istiratumab can be used for research of cancers[1][2][3].
Figitumumab (CP-751871) is a potent and fully human monoclonal anti–insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) antibody. Figitumumab prevents IGF1 from binding to IGF1R with an IC50 of 1.8 nM[1].
BMS-754807 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)/insulin receptor family kinases (IR) with IC50 of 1.8 and 1.7 nM, respectively and Ki of <2 nM for both, and also shows potent activities against Met, RON, TrkA, TrkB, AurA, and AurB with IC50 values of 6, 44, 7, 4, 9, and 25 nM, respectively.
BMS-536924 is an ATP-competitive IGF-1R/IR inhibitor with IC50 of 100 nM/73 nM.IC50 value: 100 nM (IGF-1R); 73 nM (IR) [1]Target: IGF-1R; IRin vitro: BMS-536924 also inhibits FAK and Lck with IC50 of 150 nM and 341 nM, respectively. BMS-536924 inhibits cellular proliferation and disrupts Akt and MAPK phosphorylation [1]. BMS-536924 inhibits IGF-I-stimulated IGF-1R signaling in MCF10A cells and blocks constitutive IGF-1R activity in CD8-IGF-1R-MCF10A. Preincubation of MCF10A cells with 1 μM BMS-536924 completely blocks the ability of IGF-I to stimulate IGF-1R phosphorylation. IGF-I stimulation results in increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, GSK3β, and Akt. BMS-536924 inhibits this ligand-induced phosphorylation. Treatment of the CD8-IGF-1R-MCF10A cells with BMS-536924 results in a dose-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation with partial inhibition at 0.01 μM and 0.1 μM, but complete receptor inhibition at a concentration of 1 μM. Maximal inhibition of phosphorylated IGF-1R is observed as early as 10 minutes following incubation. BMS-536924 retains its ability to inhibit IGF-1R phosphorylation for up to 48 hours. Addition of BMS-536924 time-dependently inhibits Akt phosphorylation starting at 1 hour. By 48 hours, Akt activation is completely blocked [2]. in vivo: Oral administration of BMS-536924 at 100-300 mpk strongly inhibits IGR-1R Sal tumor model. Efficacy is also observed in the nonengineered Colo205 human colon carcinoma mode. Oral administration of 3 on a once a day schedule (100-300 mpk) or a twice a day schedule (50, 100 mpk) demonstrates antitumor activity in this tumor model. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) shows 100 mpk (b.i.d.) causes a significant elevation in glucose levels after glucose challenge. The pharmacokinetic parameters of BMS-536924, administered orally in poly(ethylene glycol) 400 and water (80:20 v/v), are determined in mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. Good bioavailability is evident in all species. Significant nonlinear pharmacokinetics is observed in rodents at increasing p.o. dose [1]. Oral administration of 70 mg/kg BMS-536924 significantly inhibits tumor growth (TGBC-1TKB cells) inoculated in nude mice. BMS-536924 up regulates apoptosis in xenografts tumors. The treatment doesn't have adverse effects on the body weight of mice or the glucose levels at the time of death, suggesting tolerable toxicity [3].
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-2) is the principal somatomedin of human serum. Insulin-like growth factor II exerts permissive and direct effects on neurite outgrowth and enhances survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons[1][2].
Teprotumumab is an IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) blocking human monoclonal antibody. Teprotumumab binds to the ligand binding extracellular α-subunit domain of IGF-1R. Teprotumumab inhibits TSH and IGF-1 action in fibrocytes. Teprotumumab attenuates TSH-dependent IL-6 and IL-8 expression and Akt phosphorylation. Teprotumumab can be used for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy research[1].
GSK1838705A is a potent and reversible IGF-IR and the insulin receptor inhibitor with IC50s of 2.0 and 1.6 nM, respectively. It also inhibits ALK with an IC50 of 0.5 nM.
Ceritinib D7 (LDK378 D7) is a deuterium labeled Ceritinib. Ceritinib is a selective, orally bioavailable and ATP-competitive ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor[1].
GSK1904529A is a selective inhibitor of IGF-1R and IR with IC50 of 27 nM and 25 nM, >100-fold more selective for IGF-1R/InsR than Akt1/2, Aurora A/B,B-Raf, CDK2, EGFR etc. IC50 value: 27/25 nM (IGF1R/IR) [1]Target: IGF1R/IRin vitro: GSK1904529A is a reversible, ATP-competitive inhibitor and has enzyme-inhibitor binding values against IGF-1R and IR with Ki of 1.6 nM and 1.3 nM, respectively. GSK1904529A potently inhibits the ligand-induced phosphorylation of IGF-1R and IR at concentrations above 0.01 μM, followed by blocking downstream signaling (AKT, IRS-1, and ERK). GSK1904529A potently inhibits NIH-3T3/LISN, TC-71, SK-N-MC, SK-ES RD-ES cells with IC50 of 60 nM, 35 nM, 43 nM, 61 nM and 62 nM, respectively. GSK1904529A also inhibits other multiple myeloma and Ewing's sarcoma cell lines including NCI-H929, MOLP-8, LP-1 and KMS-12-BM etc. GSK1904529A induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in cell lines COLO 205, MCF-7, and NCI-H929, which are sensitive to GK1904529A [1].in vivo: GSK1904529A indicates 98% tumor growth inhibition in NIH-3T3/LISN tumor-bearing mice at a dose of 30 mg/kg (orally, twice-daily) and 75% in COLO 205 xenografts mice (once daily). Among HT29 and BxPC3 xenografts, GSK1904529A produces moderate tumor growth inhibition with no side effects at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Meanwhile, GSK1904529A shows minimal effects on blood glucose levels. GSK1904529A (~3.5 μM in blood) completely inhibits IGF-1R phosphorylation. GSK1904529A has been implicated in treatment of various IGF-1R-dependent tumors including prostate, colon, breast, pancreatic, ovarian, and sarcomas [1].
E 804 is a potent inhibitor of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), with an IC50 of 0.65 μM for IGF1R.
Losmapimod is a dual inhibitor of the IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor with IC50s of 35 and 75 nM, respectively.
AZ7550 is an active metabolite of AZD9291 and inhibits the activity of IGF1R with an IC50 of 1.6 μM.
Mecasermin (Human IGF-I; FK 780) is a recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Mecasermin has the potential for the study of the growth failure of growth hormone (GH) insensitivity caused by GH receptor defects or GH-inhibiting antibodies[1].
Veligrotug is an IgG1-kappa, anti-IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, CD221) chimeric monoclonal antibody[1].
Ceritinib (LDK378) is a potent and specific ALK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 nM.
NVP-ADW742(ADW742; GSK 552602A ) is an selective IGF-1R inhibitor with IC50 of 0.17 μM, >16-fold more potent against IGF-1R than InsR; little activity to HER2, PDGFR, VEGFR-2, Bcr-Abl and c-Kit.IC50 value: 0.17 uM [1]Target: IGF-1Rin vitro: NVP-ADW742 exhibits a 6-fold greater selectivity for IGF-1R versus InsR with IC50 of 2.8 μM; minimal inhibitory activity against c-Kit, HER1, PDGFR, VEGFR2, or Bcr-Abl p210 with IC50 greater than 5 μM. NVP-ADW742 significantly inhibits the serum-stimulated cell proliferation in a variety of tumor cell lines in dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.1-0.5 μM for the multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, and the antitumor effects on MM cells can not be overcome by the co-culture with BMSCs. NVP-ADW742 also abrogates the responsiveness of tumor cells to IL-6 in the presence of serum [1]. Pretreatment of the H526 cell line with NVP-ADW742 inhibited IGF-IR signaling and growth with IC(50) values between 0.1 and 0.4 micro M [2].in vivo: Administration of NVP-ADW742 at 10 mg/kg twice daily significantly inhibits tumor growth, prolongs survival, and enhances the antitumor effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy melphalan in the mice model of diffuse MM [1].