Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia[1].
Akt1&PKA-IN-2 ((R)-29) is an inhibitor of PKB/AKT with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) selectivity. Akt1&PKA-IN-2 inhibits AKT1, PKAa and CDK2a with IC50 values of 0.007 µM, 0.01 µM and 0.69 µM, respectively[1].
Glaucocalyxin A, an ent-kauranoid diterpene from Rabdosia japonica var., induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma by inhibiting nuclear translocation of Five-zinc finger Glis 1 (GLI1) via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Glaucocalyxin A has antitumor effect[1].
AKT-IN-2 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable AKT inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM for AKT1[1].
CCT128930 hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of AKT (IC50=6 nM). CCT128930 hydrochloride has 28-fold selectivity over the closely related PKA kinase (IC50=168 nM) through the targeting of Met282 of AKT (Met173 of PKA-AKT chimera), as well as 20-fold selectivity over p70S6K (IC50=120 nM). CCT128930 hydrochloride induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and autophagy. Antitumor activity[1][2].
Doxepin inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine as a tricyclic antidepressant. Doxepin has therapeutic effects in atopic dermatitis，chronic urticarial，can improve cognitive processes， protect central nervous system. Doxepin has also been proposed as a protective factor against oxidative stress[1][2][3].
Sophocarpine (monohydrate) is one of the significant alkaloid extracted from the traditional herb medicine Sophora flavescens which has many pharmacological properties such as anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory. Sophocarpine (monohydrate) significantly inhibits the growth of gastric cancer (GC) cells through multiple mechanisms such as induction of autophagy, activation of cell apoptosis and down-regulation of cell survival PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sophocarpine (monohydrate) has been demonstrated to have anti-tumor activity in various cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer[1].
Urolithin B is one of the gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Urolithin B inhibits NF-κB activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, and enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK. Urolithin B is also a regulator of skeletal muscle mass[1][2].
BIBU1361 induces apoptosis and inhibits autophagy. BIBU1361 inhibits pro-survival pathways Akt/mTOR and gp130/JAK/STAT3, and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6[1].
Akt1/Akt2-IN-2 (compound 7) is an allosteric dual Akt1 and Akt2 inhibitor (IC50=138 nM and 212 nM, respectively). Akt1/Akt2-IN-2 increases activity of caspase-3, and inhibits viability of a number of tumor cells[1].
Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a potent pan-AKT kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 3, 7 and 7 nM for Akt1,Akt2 and Akt3, respectively.
Polygalasaponin F, an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin extracted from Polygala japonica, decreases the release of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa). Polygalasaponin F reduces neuroinflammatory cytokine secretion through the regulation of the TLR4-PI3K/AKT-NF-kB signaling pathway [1].
MMP-9-IN-5 is a MMP-9 inhibitor (IC50: 4.49 nM) that forms hydrogen bond with MMP-9. MMP-9-IN-5 also inhibits AKT activity (IC50: 1.34 nM). MMP-9-IN-5 shows cell cytotoxicity and induces cell apoptosis. MMP-9-IN-5 can be used in the research of cancers[1].
Hematein is a oxidation product of hematoxylin acted as a dye[1]. Hematein is an allosteric casein kinase II inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.74 μM. Hematein inhibits Akt/PKB Ser129 phosphorylation, the Wnt/TCF pathway and increases apoptosis in lung cancer cells[2].
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a potent, oral active ubiquinone compound can be derived from Antrodia cinnamomea. Coenzyme Q0 induces apoptosis and autophagy, suppresses of HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling to potentiate the apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. Coenzyme Q0 has anti-angiogenic activity through downregulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulation of HO-1 signaling[1][2][3].
Afuresertib is a potent and ATP-competitive specific Akt inhibitor.
AKT-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of AKT. Protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) is central to PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cells, and its function is important for cell growth, survival, differentiation and metabolism. AKT-IN-9 has the potential for the research of breast and prostate cancer (extracted from patent WO2021185238A1, compound 1)[1].
Coelonin is a dihydrophenanthrene with anti-inflammation activity. Coelonin inhibits LPS-induced PTEN phosphorylation. Coelonin inhibits NF-κB activation and p27Kip1 degradation by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway negatively. Coelonin can inhibit IκBα phosphorylation and degradation and increases the expression of IκBα protein[1][2].
A-443654 is a potent Akt1/2/3 inhbitor, with a Ki of 160 pM for Akt1.
AT-533 is a potent Hsp90 and HSV inhibitor. AT-533 suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis by blocking the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. AT-533 also inhibits the activation of the downstream pathways, including Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, Erk1/2 and FAK. AT-533 inhibits the tube formation, cell migration, and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)[1][2][3].
Uprosertib (GSK2141795) is a potent and selective pan-Akt inhibitor with IC50 values of 180/328/38 nM for Akt1/Akt2/Akt3, respectively.
AKT-IN-10 is a potent inhibitor of AKT. Protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) is central to PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cells, and its function is important for cell growth, survival, differentiation and metabolism. AKT-IN-10 has the potential for the research of breast and prostate cancer (extracted from patent WO2021185238A1, compound 4)[1].
NSC45586 free base (NCS 45586, NCI45586) is a potent, specific PHLPP2 inhibitor with IC50 of 4 uM, targets the PHLPP2 PP2C domain, suppresses MYC and triggers cell death.
Monomethyl lithospermate activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a protective role in nerve injury. Monomethyl lithospermate can improve the survival ability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats with middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and improved nerve damage in rats with ischemic stroke (IS)[1].
AKT-IN-8 is a potent AKT inhibitor with IC50s of 4.46, 2.44, and 9.47 nM for AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, respectively[1].
Licoricidin (LCD) is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, possesses anti-cancer activities.Licoricidin (LCD) inhibit SW480 cells (IC50=7.2 μM) by inducing cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy, and is a potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer[1].Licoricidin (LCD) inhibits Lung Metastasis by inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as changes in the local microenvironment of tumor tissues the anticarcinogenic effect[1].licoricidin enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in Osteosarcoma (OS) cells by inactivation of the Akt and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo[3]. Licoricidin blocks UVA-induced photoaging via ROS scavenging, limits the activity of MMP-1, it can be considered as an active ingredient in new topically applied anti-ageing formulations[4].
MS170 is a potent and selective PROTAC AKT degrader. MS170 depletes cellular total AKT (T-AKT) with the DC50 value of 32 nM. MS170 binds to AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 with Kds of 1.3 nM, 77 nM, and 6.5 nM, respectively[1].
Sophocarpine is one of the significant alkaloid extracted from the traditional herb medicine Sophora flavescens which has many pharmacological properties such as anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory. Sophocarpine significantly inhibits the growth of gastric cancer (GC) cells through multiple mechanisms such as induction of autophagy, activation of cell apoptosis and down-regulation of cell survival PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sophocarpine has been demonstrated to have anti-tumor activity in various cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer[1].
MKC-1 (Ro-31-7453) is an orally active and potent cell cycle inhibitor with broad antitumor activity. MKC-1 inhibits the Akt/mTOR pathway. MKC-1 arrests cellular mitosis and induces cell apoptosis by binding to a number of different cellular proteins including tubulin and members of the importin β family[1][2][3].
(rac)-AG-205 is a potent inhibitor of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1) that induces genes involved in sterol synthesis, including the INSIG1 protein, which forms a complex with PGRMC1. (rac)-AG-205 prevents neuronal resistance to hypoxic ischaemia by blocking NF-kB signalling and activation of the BDNF/PI3K/AKT pathway[1].