Gap junction channels are essential in normal heart function and they assist in the mediated spread of electrical impulses that stimulate synchronized contraction (via an electrical syncytium) of cardiac tissues. Gap junction (GJ) proteins play an important role in direct communication between cells of many tissue types. GJs are specialised intercellular membrane-spanning domains that allow the passage of small molecules including second messenger (e.g. c-AMP, inositol triphosphate) or ionic signals from one cell to another.GJ proteins and their long evolutionary history have permitted adaptation of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) with several important functions and multiple regulatory processes. Formation of GJIC is an essential mechanism in coordinating growth and development and tissue compartmentalization during embryonic development.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Larazotide

Larazotideis a peptide which is an orally active zonulin antagonist. Larazotide shows antiviral activity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) with EC50s of 44.14 and 59.06 μM for strain OKA and 07-1, respectively. Larazotide can be used for the research of celiac disease and infection[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 258818-34-7
  • MF: C32H55N9O10
  • MW: 725.83300
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: 1.254
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GAP-134

Danegaptide (GAP-134), a small modified dipeptide, has been identified as a potent and selective second generation gap junction modifier with oral bioavailability.

  • CAS Number: 943134-39-2
  • MF: C14H17N3O4
  • MW: 291.30200
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AT-1002

AT-1002, a 6-mer synthetic peptide[1], is a tight junction regulator and absorption enhancer[2].

  • CAS Number: 835872-35-0
  • MF: C32H53N9O7S
  • MW: 707.88
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carbenoxolone disodium

Carbenoxolone disodium is the active metabolite of Glycyrrhizic acid (HY-N0184) and the inhibitor of human 11β-HSD and bacterial 3α, 20β-HSD[1]. Carbenoxolone disodium is an uncoupling agent for gap junctions and a potent inhibitor of Vaccinia virus replication[2]. Carbenoxolone disodium is used for the study of peptic, esophageal and oral ulceration and inflammation.

  • CAS Number: 7421-40-1
  • MF: C34H48Na2O7
  • MW: 614.72000
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 687.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 211.6ºC

GAP 26 trifluoroacetate salt

Gap 26 is a connexin mimetic peptide corresponding to the residues 63-75 of connexin 43, which is a gap junction blocker.

  • CAS Number: 197250-15-0
  • MF: C70H106N19O19S
  • MW: 1550.78
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GAP 27 acetate salt

Gap 27, connexin43 mimetic peptide, is a gap junction inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 198284-64-9
  • MF: C60H101N15O17
  • MW: 1304.53000
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rotigaptide

Rotigaptide (ZP123) is a novel and specific modulator of connexin 43 (Cx43). Rotigaptide prevents the uncoupling of Cx43-mediated gap junction communication and normalizes cell-to-cell communication during acute metabolic stress. Rotigaptide is a potent antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP) with improved stability and has the potential for the investigation of cardiac arrhythmias-specifically atrial fibrillation[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 355151-12-1
  • MF: C28H39N7O9
  • MW: 617.651
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1187.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 671.8±34.3 °C

Tonabersat

Tonabersat is a gap-junction modulator.

  • CAS Number: 175013-84-0
  • MF: C20H19ClFNO4
  • MW: 391.82100
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: 1.38g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 554.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 289.2ºC

CI 583

Meclofenamic acid (Meclofenamate) sodium hydrate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate is a highly selective FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) enzyme inhibitor. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate competes with FTO binding for the m(6)A-containing nucleic acid. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate is a non-selective gap-junction blocker. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate inhibits hKv2.1 and hKv1.1, with IC50 values of 56.0 and 155.9 μM, respectively[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 67254-91-5
  • MF: C14H12Cl2NNaO3
  • MW: 336.14600
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GAP-134 (Hydrochloride)

Danegaptide Hydrochloride (GAP-134 Hydrochloride) is a selective modifier of the gap junction protein.

  • CAS Number: 943133-81-1
  • MF: C14H18ClN3O4
  • MW: 327.76300
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gap19 TFA

Gap19, a peptide derived from nine amino acids of the Cx43 cytoplasmic loop (CL), is a potent and selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker. Gap19 inhibits hemichannels caused by preventing intramolecular interactions of the C-terminus (CT) with the CL. Gap19 is not blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Gap19 has protective effects against myocardial[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1507930-57-5
  • MF: C55H96N14O13
  • MW: 1161.44
  • Catalog: Gap Junction Protein
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A