Tanshindiol C is a S-adenosylmethionine-competitive EZH2 (Histone Methyltransferase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.55 μM for inhibiting the methyltransferase activity. Tanshindiol C is also an activator of both Nrf2 and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in macrophages. Tanshindiol C possesses anti-cancer activity, and can be used for atherosclerosis research[1][2].
Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) is a Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) protein-protein interaction inhibitor, and with an IC50 of 43 nM for Keap1 protein. Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) activates Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective response and antagonizes acetaminophen-induced liver injury both in cellular and in vivo models[1].
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2[1].
Pterisolic acid B (Compound 2) is an ent-Kaurane diterpenoid. Pterisolic acid B can be isolated from fern Pteris semipinnata (Pteridaceae)[1].
IKK-IN-3 is a potent and selective IkappaB kinase 2 (IKK2 or IKKβ) inhibitor, with IC50s of 19 and 400 nM for IKK2 and IKK1 (or IKKα), respectively[1].
GS143 is a selective IκBα ubiquitination inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.2 μM for SCFβTrCP1-mediated IκBα ubiquitylation. GS143 suppresses NF-κB activation and transcription of target genes and does not inhibit proteasome activity. GS143 has anti-asthma effect[1][2].
Keap1-Nrf2-IN-12 is a potent Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.30 µM. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-12 shows metabolic stability in human liver microsomes[1].
INH14 is a cell permeable inhibitor of IKKα/IKKβ, with IC50s of 8.97 and 3.59 μM, respectively. INH14 inhibits the IKKα/β-dependent TLR inflammatory response. INH14 also inhibits downstream of TAK1/TAB1 and NF-kB pathways. Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity[1].
Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Red ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.
Parthenolide is an NF-κB inhibitor, reduces histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC-1) and DNA methyltransferase 1 independent of NF-κB inhibition.
Nrf2-IN-1 (Compound 4f) is an inhibitor of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), acts as a promising agent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy[1].
Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound with diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase ((HATs)) and also shows inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPKs.
MLT-748 is an allosteric inhibitor of MALT1, binds MALT1 in the allosteric Trp580 pocket, with an IC50 of 5 nM. MLT-748 also reversibly binds to human mutant MALT1(329-728)-W580S (Kd, 13 nM) with affinity similar to that of the wild type MALT1(329-728) (Kd, 42 nM)[1].
(R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone is a diarylheptanoid that can be found in Alpinia officinarum. (R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone ameliorates oxidative stress and insulin resistance via activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway[1].
(S)-MALT1-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of MALT1 protease. (S)-MALT1-IN-5 inhibits the activity of MALT1 is expected to be able to correct the enhancement of MALT1 activity due to abnormality of T cell receptor signal or B cell receptor signal, and cancer or inflammatory disease caused by MALT1 activity is expected. (S)-MALT1-IN-5 has the potential for the research of MALT1-related diseases (extracted from patent WO2020111087A1, compound 1)[1].
DMX-129 is an ΙΚΚε and TBK-1 inhibitor with IC50 values of <30 nM for both TBK1 and IKKε[1].
DDO-7263, a 1,2,4-Oxadiazole derivative, is a potent Nrf2 activator. DDO-7263 upregulates Nrf2 through binding to Rpn6 to block the assembly of 26S proteasome and the subsequent degradation of ubiquitinated Nrf2. DDO-7263 activates the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and exerts anti-inflammatory activity[1].
MLN120B is a specific, ATP competitive IKKβ inhibitor with an IC50 of 60 nM.
Z-VRPR-FMK is an irreversible MALT1 protein inhibitor. Z-VRPR-FMK inhibits the growth and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by inhibiting MALT1-induced NF-κB activation and MMP expression[1].
Astilbin, a flavonoid compound, is isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra. Astilbin enhances NRF2 activation. Astilbin also suppresses TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation.
Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium is a selective NF-κB inhibitor.
Pyridoxine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Pyridoxine hydrochloride[1]. Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Pyridoxol;Vitamin B6) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol;Vitamin B6) exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway[2].
Verproside, a catalpol derivative iridoid glycoside isolated from the genus Pseudolysimachion, represses TNF-α -induced MUC5AC expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation via the IKK/IκB signaling cascade. Verproside has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive activities and ir is a potent anti-asthmatic/COPD drug candidate in vivo[1].
KI696 isomer is the less active isomer of KI696. KI696 is a high affinity probe that disrupts the Keap1/NRF2 interaction.
Dehydrobruceine B, a quassinoid, can be isolated from Brucea javanica. Dehydrobruceine B shows a synergistic effect with Cisplatin (HY-17394) to induce apoptosis via mitochondrial method. Dehydrobruceine B increases apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Bax expression and suppresses Keap1-Nrf2[1].
Toralactone, isolated from Cassia obtusifolia, mediates hepatoprotection via an Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative mechanism[1].
RGT-068A is a potent, selective and oral bioavailable MALT1 inhibitor[1].
K67 is a specific inhibitor of the interaction between S349-phosphorylated p62 and Keap1, exhibts no inhibitory effect on the interaction of full-length Keap1 with Nrf2-ETGE or full-length Nrf2; has specific inhibitory effect on the Nrf2 target genes, dramatically suppresses the proliferations of Huh1 cells and of Huh7 cells expressing phospho-mimetic p62.
TBK1-IKKε inhibitor II is a potent, selective dual inhibitor of TBK1/IKKε with IC50 of 13 nM/59 nM, respectively; displays 100- to 1000-fold less activity against other tested protein kinases including PDK1, PI3K family members and mTOR; inhibits LPS-induced expression of IFNβ (IC50=62 nM), and the IFNβ target genes IP10 (IC50=78 nM) and Mx1 (IC50=20 nM); effectively blocks TLR3-dependent IRF3 nuclear translocation in cells with IC50<100 nM.
Luteolin is a falconoid compound, which exhibits anticancer properties.IC50 value:Target: A natural for anticancer.In vitro: Luteolin exerted an anticancer effect against NCI-H460 cells through Sirt1-mediated apoptosis and the inhibition of cell migration [1]. The treatment of luteolin upregulated the expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), p21WAF1/CIP1, p27KIP1, Smad4, and Fas in HCC cells. Luteolin induced apoptotic cell death in Hep3B cells while caused G1 arrest in HepG2 cells. And it induces apoptosis from G1 arrest via three signaling pathways of TGF-β1, p53, and Fas/Fas-ligand in HCC cells [2].In vivo: The study of the effect of Luteolin on the improvement of cancerous cachexia in model mice showed that luteolin can improve the symptoms of cancer cachexia model mice.The mechanism may be related to inhibition of proteasome and calcium activated protease activity and lower the levels of cytokines [3].