TUG-905 is a potent GPR40 agonist with an pEC50 value of 7.03. TUG-905 increases hypothalamic cell proliferation and survival. TUG-905 reduces body mass and increases the POMC mRNA expression[1][2].
MEDICA16, an ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor, significantly reduces intracellular TG content in gastrocnemius muscle, and this reduction is accompanied by an increase in insulin sensitivity. MEDICA16 is a selective agonist for GPR40 as well as selective partial agonists for GPR120[1][2].
GW9508 is a potent and selective agonist for FFA1 (GPR40) with pEC50 of 7.32, 100-fold selective against GPR120, stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-sensitive manner.IC50 value: 7.32 (pEC50) [1]Target: GPR40GW9508 is shown to be at least 100-fold selective against 220 other GPCRs, 60 kinases, 63 proteases, seven integrins and 20 nuclear receptors including PPARα, δ and γ (pEC50 4.0, 4 and 4.9, respectively). GW9508 produces a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations via GPR40 receptor activation and the GPR120 receptor. GW9508 is active as an agonist at both GPR40 and GPR120, it is approximately 100-fold selective for GPR40 with respect to GPR120. GW9508 produces a concentration-dependent increase (pEC50=6.14) in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at high glucose levels (25 mM). GW9508 dose dependently stimulated insulin secretion in a glucose-sensitive manner in MIN6 cells. Furthermore, GW9508 is able to potentiate the KCl-mediated increase in insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. [1] GW9508 induced hyperpolarization and opening of KATP channels in rat β-cells. [2] GW9508 inhibits CCL17 and CCL5 expression in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. GW9508 further suppresses expression of IL-11, IL-24, and IL-33 induced in HaCaT cells by TNF-α and IFN-γ. GW9508 also inhibits CCL5 and CXCL10 production by normal human epidermal keratinocytes. [3]
AM-4668 is a GPR40 agonist for type 2 diabetes. EC50s of 3.6 nM and 36 nM for GPR40 in A9 cells (GPR40 IP3 assay) and CHO cells (GPR40 aequorin assay), respectively[1].
GPR40 Agonist 2 is a GPR40 agonist that can be used in the research of diabetes, extracted from patent WO2009054479A1.
AP5 sodium is a potent, orall active, and selective GPR40 receptor agonist with a positive allosteric modulation of endogenous ligand (AgoPAM). AP5 sodium demonstrates rat and human inositol monophosphate (IP1) EC50 values of 0.49 nM and 0.8 nM against the GPR40 receptor, respectively. AP5 sodium has the potential for type II diabetes research[1].
Xelaglifam is a potent GPR40 agonist. Antihyperglycaemic activity[1].
GPR40 Activator 2 is a potent GPR40 activator from patents WO 2012147516 A1, WO 2012046869A1 and WO 2011078371 A1.
FFA1 agonist-1 (Compound 17a) is an orally active fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) agonist with an EC50 of 0.75 μM. FFA1 agonist-1 can be used for type 2 diabetes mellitus research[1].
AMG 837 hemicalcium is a potent, orally bioavailable and partial agonist of GPR40/FFA1, inhibits specific [3H]AMG 837 binding at the human FFA1 receptor with a pIC50 of 8.13. AMG 837 hemicalcium could enhance insulin secretion and lower glucose levels in rodents[1][2][3].
BTI-A-404 is a potent, selective and competitive inverse agonist of human GPR43. BTI-A-404 can be used for the research of inflammation, obesity and type 2 diabetes[1].