Sodium Picosulfate inhibits absorption of water and electrolytes, and increases their secretion.Target: OthersSodium Picosulfate displays cytotoxic effects on cultured liver cells. 800 and 1600 mg/mL induces dose-dependently vacuolic and fatty change as well as necrosis combined with a lowered mitotic activity and a slight increase in LDH values of the rapidly growing cultured liver cells of rabbit. Comparable but less severe effects are observed in 4-day old liver cell cultures of rat, while liver cells cultured for 6 to 11 days tolerate 1600 mg/mL Sodium Picosulfate. In human liver cultures the number of cells is slightly lowered at 800 and 1600 mg/mL and the number of nuclei in division is decreased dependent on dose [1]. Sodium Picosulphate has no major influence on ileal and colonic epithelial cell proliferation. In a 12 weeks study, 10 mg/kg Sodium Picosulphate continuously treatment does not influence the labeling index of Brdu (LI) in the ileum and induces no statistically significant increase of the LI when the treated groups are compared with the control group. The proliferative pattern along the crypts remains unchanged with sodium picosulphate treatment throughout the study [2]. Sodium Picosulphate does not induce chronic changes in colonic motility in rats under long-term treatment. 10mg/kg/day Sodium Picosulphate pretreated for 23 weeks does not induce any significant change in the duration of long spike bursts (LSB) which are associated with phasic contractions, or in LSB frequency in the fasted state or after a 3-gram meal [3].
Clenbuterol hydrochloride (NAB-365 hydrochloride) is a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a powerful bronchodilator withfat burning properties.
Toltrazuril sulfoxide is a short-lived intermediary metabolite of Toltrazuril (HY-B0175), and then can be metabolized to the reactive toltrazuril sulfone (TZR-SO2) in vivo. Toltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites[1].
L-Ornithine-15N2 hydrochloride is the 15N-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
BCAT-IN-2 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm), with a pIC50 of 7.3. BCAT-IN-2 shows selectivity for BCATm over BCATc (pIC50=6.6). BCAT-IN-2 can be used for the research of obesity and dislipidema[1].
L-Homoarginine-13C7,15N4 hydrochloride is the 13C- and 15N-labeled H-HomoArg-OH.HCl. H-HomoArg-OH.HCl is an endogenous metabolite.
Dihydrooroxylin A is an active compound. Dihydrooroxylin A can be used as a dietary supplement[1].
ML345 is a potent and selective insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) small-molecule inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 188 nM. ML345 can be for use as a pharmacophore for drug development in diabetes research[1].
Fotagliptin benzoate is a Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50=2.27 nM). Fotagliptin benzoate displays great security in rat and dog. Fotagliptin benzoate can be used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus research[1].
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (DHEAS) is the most abundant circulating steroid in human. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (DHEAS) affects steroid hormone biosynthesis on a molecular level resulting in an increased formation of pregnenolone[1].
Prafnosbart (DS-6016A) is an IgG1-kappa, anti-ACVR1 (activin A receptor type 1, ACVRLK2, ALK2, ACVR1A, SKR1) humanized monoclonal antibody. Prafnosbart can be used for bone metabolism disorders research[1].
Algestone acetophenide is a progesterone drug. Algestone acetophenide can be used in combination with estrogen as a long-acting injectable contraceptive[1].
4-Ethylbenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.
(+)-Cembrene A (Compound 5) is a α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 30.31 μM. (+)-Cembrene A is nontoxic towards human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells[1].
Otelixizumab (ChAglyCD3) is an anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody and can be used for the research of type 1 diabetes[1].
S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is a competitive glutathionase inhibitor. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is converted to the corresponding cysteine derivatives by rat kidney microsomes. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione can be used for the research of metabolic breakdown of glutathione by the glutathionase system[1][2].
Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase used as a cholesterol-lowering medication that blocks the production of cholesterol. Target: HMG-CoA reductaseAtorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase used as a cholesterol-lowering medication that blocks the production of cholesterol. 81 patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg atorvastatin once daily for 6 weeks. Plasma LDL cholesterol reductions from baseline were dose related, with 25% to 61% reduction from the minimum dose to the maximum dose of 80 mg atorvastatin once a day [1]. Atorvastatin 10 mg daily is safe and efficacious in reducing the risk of first cardiovascular disease events, including stroke, in patients with type 2 diabetes without high LDL-cholesterol. No justification is available for having a particular threshold level of LDL-cholesterol as the sole arbiter of which patients with type 2 diabetes should receive statins [2].
10-Hydroxyscandine is an alkaloid from Melodinus tenuicaudatus. 10-Hydroxyscandine can be used for the research of hernia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and rheumatic heart[1][2].
DL-Lysine-d8 dihydrochloride is the deuterium labeled DL-Lysine[1].
(−)-Myrtenal ((1R)-(−)-Myrtenal) is an orally active terpene with antitumour activity. (−)-Myrtenal ameliorates hyperglycemia by enhancing GLUT2 through Akt in the skeletal muscle and liver of diabetic rats[1][2].
1'-Hydroxy bufuralol-d9 is a deuterium labeled 1'-Hydroxy bufuralol (HY-122277). 1'-Hydroxy bufuralol, the main metabolite of bufuralol, can reflect CYP2D activity[1][2].
Suberylglycine is an acyl glycine, which is a normally minor metabolite of fatty acid.
Suberic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Suberic acid[1]. Suberic acid (Octanedioic acid) is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency[2].
2α-Methyl androsterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid metabolite of mesterolone and drostanolone[1].
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (DSPE) is a phosphoethanolamine (PE) lipid that can be used in the synthesis of liposomes.
MB-07729 is a potent fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) noncompetitive inhibitor with IC50 values of 31, 121, and 189 nM for human, monkey, and rat, respectively.
Adipic acid-13C is the 13C labeled Adipic acid[1]. Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism[2].
1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d9-1 is deuterium labeled 1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. 1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an abundant gonadal LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine)[1].
Lubiprostone-d7 (RU-0211-d7) is the deuterium labeled Lubiprostone. Lubiprostone (RU0211) is a gastrointestinal agent used for the treatment of idiopathic chronic constipation[1][2].