Novobiocin Sodium is an antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus.Target: AntibacterialNovobiocin, also known as albamycin or cathomycin, is an aminocoumarin antibiotic that is produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces niveus, which has recently been identified as a subjective synonym for S. spheroides a member of the order Actinobacteria . Other aminocoumarin antibiotics include clorobiocin and coumermycin A1. The molecular basis of action of novobiocin, and other related drugs clorobiocin and coumermycin A1 has been examined. Aminocoumarins are very potent inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and work by targeting the GyrB subunit of the enzyme involved in energy transduction. Novobiocin as well as the other aminocoumarin antibiotics act as competitive inhibitors of the ATPase reaction catalysed by GyrB. The potency of novobiocin is considerably higher than that of the fluoroquinolones that also target DNA gyrase, but at a different site on the enzyme. The GyrA subunit is involved in the DNA nicking and ligation activity [1-4].
Cefotetan disodium is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that exerts its bactericidal effects by inhibition of cell-wall synthesis[1].
Nisin Z is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptide. Nisin Z is effective against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, such as C. albicans[1][4].
Chloroxine is a synthetic antibacterial compound that is effective in the treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis when incorporated in a shampoo.Target: AntibacterialChloroxine is an antibacterial drug. Oral formulations are used in infectious diarrhea, disorders of the intestinal microflora (e.g. after antibiotic treatment), giardiasis, inflammatory bowel disease. It is also useful for dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, as used in shampoos and dermal creams like. Chloroxine has bacteriostatic, fungistatic and antiprotozoal properties. It is effective against Streptococci, Staphylococci, Candida, Candida albicans, Shigella and Trichomonads.
Antibacterial agent 51 (example 45) is an antibacterial agent with MIC values of 4 mcg/mL, 8 mcg/mL, and 8 mcg/mL against E. coli strains NCTC 13351, M 50 and 7 MP, respectively (WO2013030733A1)[1].
N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) is an essential precursor of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), the specific monomer of bacterial capsular polysialic acid (PA)[1].N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) can be metabolized by GNE and GlcNAc 2-epimerase (Renin binding protein, RnBP), into ManNAc-6-phosphate and GlcNAc, respectively. N-Acetyl-d-mannosamine (ManNAc) and its derivatives activates hypocretin (HCRT) gene expression in the orexin neurons, providing a potential model for the testing of a therapy for neural disorders[2].
Proflavine, an acridine dye, is a known DNA intercalating agent. Anti-microbial agent[1]. Proflavine behaves as a pore blocker for Kir3.2. Proflavine is a potential lead compound for Kir3.2-associated neurological diseases[2].
Carbenicillin is broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally.Target: AntibacterialCarbenicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic which interferes with cell wall synthesis of gram-negative bacteria while displaying low toxicity. The leukocytes of the patients does not release histamine on in vitro provocation with Carbenicillin (0.1 g/mL). Carbenicillin (0.1 g/mL) does not show any allergic drug reactions in cystic fibrosis patients, as evident by no significant levels of antibodies of IgE, IgG or IgM classes [1]. Carbenicillin (50 μg/mL) results in phytotoxicity in chrysanthemum and TOB, with an increase in the concentration, and with a parallel shift in the morphogenic capacity (SRC) of threshold survival levels (TSLs). Carbenicillin results in 100% acclimatization with no different morphological flowering characteristics following subculture in vitro three times in Chrysanthemum plantlets [2].
Citrinin is a mycotoxin which causes contamination in the food and is associated with different toxic effects. Citrinin is usually found together with another nephrotoxic mycotoxin, Ochratoxin A. Citrinin is also reported to possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticancer and neuro-protective effects in vitro[1][2].
Feglymycin is a HIV replication inhibitor. Feglymycin is also an antibiotic peptide that has antibacterial activity (MIC: 32-64 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus)[1].
Ranitidine is a potent, selective and orally active histamine H2-receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 μM that inhibits gastric secretion. Ranitidine is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9[1][2].
Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the MIC90 value of 2 mcg/mL.
Ftaxilide is a novel antituberculosis agent.
RP-1 is an antimicrobial peptide, and is active against S. aureus, S. typhimurium, E. coli, and C. albicans[1].
Pogostone is isolated from patchouli with anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Pogostone inhibits both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, also show inhibitory effect on corynebacterium xerosis with a MIC value of 0.098 µg/ml [2]. Pogostone induces cell apoptosis and autophagy[2].
Ethacridine lactate is a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor.
GlcNAcstatin is a selective glucoimidazole-based bacterial O-GlcNAcase inhibitor with a Ki of 4.6 pM. GlcNAcstatin shows 100000-fold selectivity over HexA/B[1].
CAP18 (rabbit) is a 37 amino acids antimicrobial peptide originally isolated from rabbit granulocytes. CAP18 (rabbit) has broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (IC50, 130-200 nM) and Gram-negative (IC50, 20-100 nM) bacteria. CAP18 (rabbit) has the potential for bacterial sepsis research[1].
Dapsone D8 is a deuterium labeled Dapsone. Dapsone is an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial compound that is widely used in the treatment of leprosy, malaria, acne, and various immune disorders. Dapsone is acetylated in the liver to monoacetyldapsone, the major metabolite, and other mono and diacetyl derivatives, and subsequently deacetylated back to diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone) until a state of equilibrium is achieved.
Kyotorphin is an endogenou neuroactive dipeptide with analgesic properties. Kyotorphin possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Kyotorphin levels in cerebro-spinal fluid correlate negatively with the progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease patients[1].
4-Ethoxycoumarin is an antimicrobial[1].
Lysobactin, produced by several genera of Gram-negative gliding bacteria found in soil, is a potent antibiotic with in vivo efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae[1].
Bactenecin is a cyclic antimicrobial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils with potent activity against Bacterial and Fungal species.
Antimicrobial agent-21 (Compound IIm) is a bacterial inhibitor. Antimicrobial agent-21 is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial[1].
Aurein 3.1 is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 80, 50, 50, 50, 50 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis)[1][2].
Flucloxacillin sodium is a highly active antibiotic against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Taniborbactam is a potent inhibitor of β-lactamase, with IC50s of <100 nM for SHV-5, KPC-2, VIM-2, and AmpC β-lactamase, and 0.1 to 1 μM for OXA-1 β-lactamase, used in the research of bacterial infections[1].
Diniconazole is a newly developed fungicide strongly inhibited lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation catalyzed by a yeast cytochrome P-450.
Glyceryl monocaprate (Monolaurin) is a 1-monoglyceride of capric acid against gram-positive bacterial infections[1]. Glyceryl monocaprate (Monolaurin) has inhibitory effect on Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and offers an effective treatment for herpes labialiss[2].
Tosylchloramide sodium trihydrate (Chloramine T sodium trihydrate) is a disinfectant agent widely used in laboratories, kitchens and hospitals. It is also used as a biocide in air fresheners and deodorants.