BTM-3566 is an OMA1 activator. BTM-3566 activates the mitochondrial stress response. BTM-3566 induces apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) cell lines[1][2].
Trabectedin (Ecteinascidin-743 or ET-743) is a novel antitumour agent of marine origin with potent antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo.IC50 Value: 0.1-3.7 nM (breast cancer cell lines) [1]Target: Apoptosis inducer; Anticancerin vitro: Trabectedin induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in both breast cancer cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The expression levels of the death receptor pathway molecules, TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5, FAS/TNFRSF6, TNF RI/TNFRSF1A, and FADD were significantly increased by 2.6-, 3.1-, 1.7-, 11.2- and 4.0-fold by trabectedin treatment in MCF-7 cells. However, in MDA-MB-453 cells, the mitochondrial pathway related pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bad, Cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, and Cleaved Caspase-3 expressions were induced by 4.2-, 3.6-, 4.8-, 4.5-, and 4.4-fold, and the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were reduced by 4.8- and 5.2-fold in MDA-MB-453 cells [2]. In vitro treatment with noncytotoxic concentrations of trabectedin selectively inhibited the production of CCL2, CXCL8, IL-6, VEGF, and PTX3 by MLS primary tumor cultures and/or cell lines [3].in vivo: A xenograft mouse model of human MLS showed marked reduction of CCL2, CXCL8, CD68+ infiltrating macrophages, CD31+ tumor vessels, and partial decrease of PTX3 after trabectedin treatment [3]. The MTD of trabectedin was 700 microg/m(2) due to dose-limiting neutropaenia and the RDs in the previously treated/untreated patients were 500 and 600 microg/m(2), respectively. Most common toxicities were nausea/vomiting (67%), asthenia/fatigue (55%) and reversible ASAT/ALAT elevation (51%) [4]. Toxicity: Most common toxicities were nausea/vomiting (67%), asthenia/fatigue (55%) and reversible ASAT/ALAT elevation (51%) [4].Clinical trial: A Study to Assess the Potential Effects of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Trabectedin in Patients With Advanced Malignancies. Phase 1/2
TH1834 dihydrochloride (TH-1834, TH 1834) is a novel potent specific histone acetyltransferase Tip60 inhibitor; induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with more cytotoxicity than staurosporine; increases the γH2AX foci in the cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145 combined with IR; induces apoptosis and increases unrepaired DNA damage in breast cancer cells.
Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Buxus microphylla. Cyclovirobuxine D induces autophagy and attenuates the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR[1]. Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells through suppression of cell cycle progression and inducement of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis[2]. Cyclovirobuxine D is beneficial for heart failure induced by myocardial infarction[3].
Lidocaine-d6 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Lidocaine (hydrochloride). Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lignocaine hydrochloride) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence[1]. Lidocaine hydrochloride decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide derivative and a drug to treat ventricular arrhythmia and an effective tumor-inhibitor[2].
Apremilast D5 (CC-10004 D5) is a deuterium labeled Apremilast. Apremilast is an orally available inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) with an IC50 of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC50 of 104 nM[1].
anti-TNBC agent-2 an anti-Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) purine derivative. anti-TNBC agent-2 induces MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis, and inhibits its migration and angiogenesis. anti-TNBC agent-2 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis and reduces the expression of Ki67 and CD31 protein in TNBC xenograft models. anti-TNBC agent-2 can be used for Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) research[1].
D-Mannitol-2-13C is the 13C labeled D-Mannitol.
SCR7 pyrazine is a DNA ligase IV inhibitor that blocks nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) in a ligase IV-dependent manner. SCR7 pyrazine is also a CRISPR/Cas9 enhancer which increases the efficiency of Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR). SCR7 pyrazine induces cell apoptosis and has anticancer activity[1][2].
ARN5187 trihydrochloride is a lysosomotropic REV-ERBβ ligand with a dual inhibitory activity toward REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional regulation and autophagy. ARN5187 trihydrochloride shows lysosomotropic potency and cytotoxicity. ARN5187 trihydrochloride induces apoptosis[1][2].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-26 (compound 12h) can inhibit the polymerization of microtubulin by binding to the colchicine binding site of microtubulin with an IC50 value of 4.64 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-26 can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell metastasis or migration, and can be used as a potential compound for lung cancer research[1].
Bcl-2-IN-9 is a novel proapoptotic Bcl-2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.9 μM and low cytotoxic. Bcl-2-IN-9 mediates apoptosis by down-regulating expression of Bcl-2 in cancer cells and has a high selectivity against leukemia cells[1].
Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is a strong antioxidant agent. Eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Eriocitrin triggers apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway[1].
Cycleanine is a potent vascular selective Calcium antagonist. Cycleanine has analgesic, muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory activities. Cycleanine has potential for anti-ovarian cancer acting through the apoptosis pathway[1][2].
WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW is a cardiomyocyte specific peptide. WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW-expressing exosomes can improve specific uptake by cardiomyocytes, decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and enhance cardiac retention following intramyocardial injection in vivo[1][2].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-11 is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.4 µM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-11 shows antiproliferative activity. Tubulin polymerization-IN-11 induces Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin polymerization-IN-11 decreases the expression of cyclin B1, p-cdc2, and Bcl-2 protein levels and increases the expression of cleaved PARP[1].
ZT55 (JAK inhibitor ZT55) is a novel potent, highly-selective tyrosine kinase JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 31 nM; displays no significant activity against JAK1/3 (IC50>10 uM); exhibits potent effects on the cellular JAK-STAT pathway, inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation in JAK2V617F and downstream STAT3/5 transcription factors; inhibits the proliferation of the JAK2V617F-expressing HEL cell line, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis; significantly suppressed the growth of HEL xenograft tumors in vivo, blocks erythroid colony formation of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors from patients carrying the JAK2V617F mutation.
Geranyl acetate, an acyclic monoterpene ester derived from geraniol, is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its pleasant scent[1]. Geranyl acetate can induces cell apoptosis[2].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-13 (Compound 4f) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC50=0.37 μM). Tubulin polymerization-IN-13 shows anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells, induces apoptosis and potential antivascular activity[1].
Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1), a Curcumin analog with oral activity, targets on several molecular mechanisms to induce apoptosis including inhibition of angiogenic factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PGV-1 inhibits NF-κB activation[1].
Ganoderic acid Mf is an antitumor triterpenoid. Ganoderic acid Mf causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Ganoderic acid Mf shows high selectivity between normal and cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis via mitochondria mediated pathway[1].
Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 16000-24000) is a is a polymer of anhydroglucose with the molecular weight range of 16000-24000. Dextran sulfate sodium salt inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus by preventing the adsorption of the virus into host cells[1].
Gefitinib (ZD 1839) dihydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 33 nM. Gefitinib dihydrochloride selectively inhibits EGF-stimulated tumor cell growth (IC50 of 54 nM) and blocks EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor cells. Gefitinib dihydrochloride also induces autophagy and cell apoptosis, which can be used for cancer related research, such as Lung cancer and breast cancer [1][2][5].
Kuguaglycoside C is a triterpene glycoside that can be isolated from the leaves of Momordica charantia. Kuguaglycoside C induces caspase‐independent DNA cleavage and cell death of neuroblastoma cells. Kuguaglycoside C also significantly increases the expression and cleavage of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)[1].
S130 is a high affinity, selective inhibitor of ATG4B (a major cysteine protease) with an IC50 of 3.24 µM. S130 suppresses autophagy flux[1].
TH1834 (TH-1834, TH 1834) is a novel potent specific histone acetyltransferase Tip60 inhibitor; induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with more cytotoxicity than staurosporine; increases the γH2AX foci in the cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145 combined with IR; induces apoptosis and increases unrepaired DNA damage in breast cancer cells.
Rilmenidine phosphate, an antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine phosphate induces autophagy. Rilmenidine phosphate is also an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine phosphate modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells[1][2][3].
Bromelain is an anti-inflammatory drug derived from pineapple stem that acts through down-regulation of plasma kininogen, inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 expression, degradation of advanced glycation end product receptors and regulation of angiogenic biomarkers as well as antioxidant action upstream in the COX-pathway[1]. Bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bromelain also possesses some anticancerous activities and promotes apoptotic cell death[2].
Hirudin is a Thrombin inhibitor with blood anticoagulant property. Hirudin has potent anti-thrombotic, wound repair, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor and anti-hyperuricemia effects. Hirudin also affects diabetic complications, cerebral hemorrhage, and others[1].
SMIP004 is a novel inducer of cancer-cell selective apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells, it was found to downregulate SKP2 and to stabilize p27.IC50 Value: 1.09 uM (MTT assay in LNCaP-S14 cells) [1]Target: Apoptosis inducer; SKP2in vitro: Whereas SMIP012 and 016 were moderately toxic in normal fibroblasts, SMIPs 001 and 004 showed substantial cancer cell specificity being at least five times more potent in LNCaP-S14 than in IMR90 cells , treatment with either MG132 or SMIP004 increased p27 half-life to > 6 h [1]. Both SMIP001 and 004 led to a strong increase in the recruitment of p27 to CDK2, while SMIP001 also slightly increased coprecipitation of p21 (Figure 6c). SMIP004 also reduced the amounts of cyclins E and A retrieved with CDK2. This was paralleled by a marked downregulation of cyclins E and A upon SMIP004 treatment. SMIP004 decreased the levels of positive cell cycle regulators, upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and resulted in G1 arrest, inhibition of colony formation in soft agar, and cell death [2].in vivo: SMIP004 potently inhibits the growth of prostate and breast cancer xenografts in mice [2].Clinical trial: