Pheniprazine is a potent and long acting inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Pheniprazine has the potential for the research of depression[1].
Triflumezopyrim, a mesoionic insecticide, has high efficiency at a low dosage, and is mainly used to control hopper species. Triflumezopyrim mainly acts on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibition, which is very highly 44 efficient, rapidly effective, and nearly nontoxic to nontarget arthropods[1].
Nefazodone is an orally active phenylpiperazine antidepressant. Nefazodone can potently and selectively block postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptors, and moderately inhibit 5-HT and noradrenaline reuptake. Nefazodone can also relieve the adverse effects of stress on the the immune system of mice. Nefazodone has a high affinity for CYP3A4 isoenzyme, which indicates that it has certain risk of drug-drug interaction[1][2][3].
GABAA receptor agent 8 (compoud 5e) is a potent GABAA receptor positive modulator. GABAA receptor agent 8 shows anticonvulsant activity in vitro and in vivo with low neurotoxicity. GABAA receptor agent 8 has the potential for the research of epilepsy[1].
Fabesetron (FK1052) is an orally active 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with 5-HT4 receptor antagonistic activity. Fabesetron (FK1052) can be used in the study for both acute and delayed emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy[1][2].
PNU-96415E is a selective D4/5-HT2A antagonist. PNU-96415E may have potential antipsychotic efficacy[1].
Echitovenidine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from Alstonia yunnanensis. Echitovenidine is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)[1].
Mebanazine is a potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Mebanazine can be used in research of depression[1].
Methyl citrate is a Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC50=0.23 mM). Methyl citrate is isolated from the fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino[1].
ALX-1393, a selective GlyT2 inhibitor, has an antinociceptive effect on thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimulations in a rat acute pain model[1].
Isopropyl dodec-11-enylfluorophosphonate (IDEFP) is an organophosphorus ester that antagonizes the central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and inhibits FAAH with similar potencies (IC50 = 2 nM)[1].
YM348 is a potent and orally active 5-HT2C receptor agonist, which shows a high affinity for cloned human 5-HT2C receptor (Ki: 0.89 nM).
Selfotel (CGS 19755) is a selective and competitive antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-preferring receptor. CGS 19755 inhibits the binding of [3H]-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid to NMDA-type receptors with an IC50 of 50 nM[1][2].
SSAO inhibitor-3 (Compound 2) is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor with IC50s of <10 nM, and 0.1-10 μM for human SSAO and AOC1, respectively. SSAO inhibitor-3 can be used for the research of atherosclerosis, diabetes and its complications, obesity, stroke, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, etc[1].
Oxyphenonium bromide is an antiacetylcholine compound. Oxyphenonium bromide is an antagonist of mAChR. Oxyphenonium bromide protects against the bronchial obstructive effects[1][2][3].
ZSET1446 is a novel cognitive enhancer that significantly improves learning deficits in various types of Alzheimer disease (AD) models.
WIN 64338 hydrochloride is a potent, selective, nonpeptide competitive antagonist of bradykinin B2 receptor. WIN 64338 hydrochloride inhibits [3H]-Bradykinin binding to the bradykinin B2 receptor on human IMR-90 cells with a Ki of 64 nM. WIN 64338 hydrochloride also can inhibits [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to the rat brain muscarinic receptor (Ki=350 nM)[1][2].
AChE/Nrf2 modulator 1 is an orally active acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) modulator. AChE/Nrf2 modulator 1 has Nrf2 inductive activity and AChE inhibitory activity for eeAChE and hAChE with IC50 values of 0.07 μM and 0.38 μM, respectively. AChE/Nrf2 modulator 1 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease[1].
Etbicyphat (Trimethylopropane phosphate) is a potent GABA(A) receptors competitive antagonist. Etbicyphat induces epileptiform activities in hippocampal CA1 neurons, and binds to the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptors[1].
VU0238441 is a pan muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with EC50s of 3.2 μM, 2.8 μM, 2.2 μM, 2.1 μM, >10 μM for M1, M2, M3, M5 and M4, respectively[1][2].
SB269970 is a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist with pKi of 8.3, exhibits >50-fold selectivity against other receptors.IC50 Value: 8.3 (pKi for 5-HT7) [1]Target: 5-HT7 receptorin vitro: 5-CT-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in guinea-pig hippocampal membranes (pEC(50) of 8.4+/-0.2) was inhibited by SB-269970-A (0.3 microM) with a pK(B) (8.3+/-0.1) in good agreement with its antagonist potency at the human cloned 5-HT(7(a)) receptor and its binding affinity at guinea-pig cortical membranes. 5-HT(7) receptor mRNA was highly expressed in human hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus and testis [1]. Cortical slices were loaded with [(3)H]-5-HT and release was evoked by electrical stimulation. 5-CT inhibited the evoked release of [(3)H]-5-HT in a concentration-dependent manner. SB-269970 had no significant effect on [(3)H]-5-HT release while the 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist, SB-224289 significantly potentiated [(3)H]-5-HT release. In addition, SB-269970 was unable to attenuate the 5-CT-induced inhibition of release while SB-224289 produced a rightward shift of the 5-CT response, generating estimated pK(B) values of 7.8 and 7.6 at the guinea-pig and rat terminal 5-HT autoreceptors respectively [2].in vivo: Acute administration of SB-269970 (1 mg/kg) or amisulpride (3 mg/kg) ameliorated ketamine-induced cognitive inflexibility and novel object recognition deficit in rats. Both compounds were also effective in attenuating ketamine-evoked disruption of social interactions [3]. Pretreatment with a dose of SB-269970 (0.5 mM) that significantly affects sleep variables antagonized the LP-44 (2.5 mM)-induced suppression of REMS and of the number of REM periods [4].Toxicity: N/AClinical trial: N/A
Ro 25-6981 is a potent and selective activity-dependent blocker of NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit. IC50 values are 0.009 and 52 μM for cloned receptor subunit combinations NR1C/NR2B and NR1C/NR2A respectively.IC50 value: 9 nM [1]Target: NMDA receptor subtype of NR1C & NR2Bin vitro: Ro 25-6981 inhibited 3H-MK-801 binding to rat forebrain membranes in a biphasic manner with IC50 values of 0.003 microM and 149 microM for high- (about 60%) and low-affinity sites, respectively. NMDA receptor subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes were blocked with IC50 values of 0.009 microM and 52 microM for the subunit combinations NR1C & NR2B and NR1C & NR2A, respectively, which indicated a >5000-fold selectivity [1]. Increasing the concentration of spermidine did not change the efficacy of RO 25-6981 and minimally changed the IC(50) value. Epsilon1Q336R receptors were more inhibited by ifenprodil and RO 25-9681 than wildtype epsilon1 receptors in ligand binding assays but not in functional assays [2].in vivo: Intrathecal injection of Ro 25-6981 significantly enhanced the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency after the operation. Significant change has been observed after intrathecal injection of 800.0 μg of Ro 25-6981 and at 2h after operation in the oblique pull test degree and BBB rating score. Pretreatment of Ro 25-6981 decreased the high level expression of NR2B with tyrosine phosphorylation in spinal dorsal horn of the rat model after the operation [3].
DH97 is a potent and selective antagonist of MT2 melatonin receptor, with a pKi of 8.03 for human MT2. DH97 shows 89- and 229-fold selectivity for human MT2 over human mt1 and Xenopus mel1c receptor subtypes. DH97 can inhibit melatonin-induced enhancement of electrically-evoked responses[1][2].
PU02, a derivative of 6-MP (HY-13677), is a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of 5-HT3 receptor, with IC50 values of 0.36 and 0.73 μM in HEK293 cells transfected with human 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptors respectively[1][2].
Rilmenidine, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine induces autophagy. Rilmenidine modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells[1][2][3].
GR 113808 is a potent and highly selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist (pKb= 8.8). GR 113808 shows 300-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors[1].
SEP-363856 （SEP-856）, an orally active and CNS active psychotropic agent with a unique, non-D2/5-HT2A mechanism of action, exerts its antipsychotic-like effects. SEP-363856 （SEP-856） has the potential for the treatment of schizophrenia[1].
Naloxonazine is a potent and selective opiate mu-1 antagonist that can also affect leishmania by regulating host coding function[1].
Hemokinin 1, human is a selective tachykinin neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor full agonist. Hemokinin 1, human is a full agonist at NK2 and NK3 receptor. Hemokinin 1, human can produces an opioid-independent analgesia[1][2].
L-DOPA-13C is the 13C labeled L-DOPA[1]. L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of neurotransmitters dopamine. L-DOPA can cross the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA has anti-allodynic effects and the potential for Parkinson's disease[2][3][4].