Anti-infectives are drugs that can either kill an infectious agent or inhibit it from spreading. Anti-infectives include antibiotics and antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals and antiprotozoals.

Antibiotics specifically treat infections caused by bacteria, most commonly used types of antibiotics are: Aminoglycosides, Penicillins, Fluoroquinolones, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, and Tetracyclines. New other approaches such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antibacterial peptides have been considered as alternatives to kill bacteria.

The high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are associated with the current limited antifungal arsenal and the high toxicity of the compounds. The most common antifungal targets include fungal RNA synthesis and cell wall and membrane components, though new antifungal targets are being investigated.

Viral infections occur when viruses enter cells in the body and begin reproducing, often causing illness. Viruses are classified as DNA viruses or RNA viruses, RNA viruses include retroviruses, such as HIV, are prone to mutate. The currently available antiviral drugs target 4 main groups of viruses: herpes, hepatitis, HIV and influenza viruses. Drug resistance in the clinical utility of antiviral drugs has raised an urgent need for developing new antiviral drugs.

Antiprotozoal drugs are medicines that treat infections caused by protozoa. Of which, malaria remains a major world health problem following the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to the majority of antimalarial drugs. At present, antimalarial discovery approaches have been studied, such as the discovery of antimalarials from natural sources, chemical modifications of existing antimalarials, the development of hybrid compounds, testing of commercially available drugs that have been approved for human use for other diseases and molecular modelling using virtual screening technology and docking.

References:
[1] Scorzoni L, et al. Front Microbiol. 2017 Jan 23;8:36.
[2] Dehghan Esmatabadi MJ, et al. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 Feb 28;63(2):40-48.
[3] Raymund R, et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Oct; 86(10):1009-1026.
[4] Aguiar AC, et al. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012 Nov;107(7):831-45.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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Apoptosis >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
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NF-κB >
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Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
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VD/VDR
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Bonducellpin D

Bonducellpin D is a furanoditerpenoid lactone isolated from Caesalpinia minax. Bonducellpin D exhibits broad-spectrum inhibition potential against SARS-CoV Mpro and MERS-CoV Mpro, with an Ki of 467.11 and 284.86 nM, respectively. Bonducellpin D also exhibits moderate anti-cancer activity in vitro[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 197781-85-4
  • MF: C22H28O7
  • MW: 404.453
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 518.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 216-217℃
  • Flash Point: 267.4±30.1 °C

Fluopyram

Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, inhibits the growth of F. virguliforme isolates with mean EC50 of 3.35 µg/mL[1].

  • CAS Number: 658066-35-4
  • MF: C16H11ClF6N2O
  • MW: 396.71
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Chamigrenol

Chamigrenol is a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 15.9 μg/mL. Chamigrenol shows strong inhibitory activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria except Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 50 µg/mL[1].

  • CAS Number: 19822-80-1
  • MF: C15H24O
  • MW: 220.35
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 327.7±21.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 125.2±18.3 °C

3,4-Dimethoxychalcone

3,4-Dimethoxychalcone is a Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs). 3,4-Dimethoxychalcone induces the deacetylation of cytoplasmic proteins and stimulates autophagy flux. 3,4-Dimethoxychalcone can be used for cardiac and cancer diseases research[1].

  • CAS Number: 5416-71-7
  • MF: C17H16O3
  • MW: 268.31
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.128g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 421.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 88ºC
  • Flash Point: 200.7ºC

(25S)-Antcin B

Antcin-B is a potent inhibitor of 3CLPro with high affinity. Antcin-B can be used in study SARS-CoV-2[1].

  • CAS Number: 1312711-71-9
  • MF: C29H40O5
  • MW: 468.62
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Remdesivir O-desphosphate acetonide impurity

Remdesivir O-desphosphate acetonide impurity is an impurity of Remdesivir. Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue with effective antiviral activity and is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1191237-80-5
  • MF: C15H17N5O4
  • MW: 331.13
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cefsulodin (sodium salt)

Cefsulodin (SCE-129) sodium is a third generation β lactam antibiotic and member of the cephems subgroup of antibiotics. Cefsulodin sodium inhibits cell wall synthesis by competitively inhibiting penicillin binding protein (PBP) cross-linking and transpeptidation of peptidogly. Cefsulodin sodium is a potent tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor against mPTPB, a virulent phosphatase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with an IC50 value of 16 μM[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1426397-23-0
  • MF: C22H19N4O8S2.Na.XH2O
  • MW: 554.53 (Anhydrous)
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cyclopropavir

Cyclopropavir (Filociclovir; ZSM-I-62; MBX-400) is a broad-spectrum anti-herpesvirus compound, has good antiviral activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HHV)-6 and HHV-8 with EC50s of 0.7 μM to 8 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 632325-71-4
  • MF: C11H13N5O3
  • MW: 263.25300
  • Catalog: CMV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

M4284

M4284 (M-4284) is a high-affinity biphenyl mannoside FimH inhibitor with HAI of 16 nM in hemagglutination assay; reduces intestinal colonization of genetically diverse UPEC isolates, while simultaneously treating UTI, without notably disrupting the structural configuration of the gut microbiota; reduces UTI89 levels in the gut and urinary tracts of mice.

  • CAS Number: 1373346-85-0
  • MF: C23H28N2O8
  • MW: 460.477
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 733.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 397.5±32.9 °C

Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-6

Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-6 is a potent VIM-Type metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor with IC50s of 0.56 μM, 29.50 μM and 5.78 μM for VIM-2, VIM-1 and VIM-5. Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-6 displays potent synergistic antibacterial activity with Meropenem against engineered Escherichia coli strains and intractable clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing VIM-2 MBL[1].

  • CAS Number: 1439899-44-1
  • MF: C10H9N3O2
  • MW: 203.20
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N-(3-Oxohexanoyl)homoserine lactone

N-(β-ketocaproyl)-L-Homoserine lactone is a component of quorum regulatory sensing[1].

  • CAS Number: 143537-62-6
  • MF: C10H15NO4
  • MW: 213.230
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 482.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 245.9±28.7 °C

2F5 epitope

2F5 epitope, a peptide gp41 (659-671), comprises the entire epitope for one of the three known antibodies capable of neutralizing a broad spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates and is the only such epitope that is sequential. 2F5 epitope is recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 470704-11-1
  • MF: C76H113N17O22
  • MW: 1616.81
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Hamamelitannin

Hamamelitannin, a polyphenol extracted from the bark of Hamamelis virginiana, is a quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitor. Hamamelitannin increases antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus biofilms by affecting peptidoglycan biosynthesis and eDNA release[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 469-32-9
  • MF: C20H20O14
  • MW: 484.364
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 941.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 145-147ºC
  • Flash Point: 329.0±27.8 °C

Quinaldopeptin

Quinaldopeptin, a quinomycin antibiotic isolated from the culture of Streptoverticillium album strain, is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes and strongly cytotoxic against cultured B16 melanoma cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 130743-07-6
  • MF: C62H78N14O14
  • MW: 1243.37000
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.45g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FUMAGILLOL

Fumagillol is a direct precursor of fumagillin. Fumagillin, as an antimicrobial agent, is a potent and selective inhibitor of angiogenesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 108102-51-8
  • MF: C16H26O4
  • MW: 282.37500
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pyromeconic acid

Pyromeconic acid is an antifungal substance[1].

  • CAS Number: 496-63-9
  • MF: C5H4O3
  • MW: 112.084
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 298.7±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 117-118ºC
  • Flash Point: 139.9±20.8 °C

LBH589 lactate

Panobinostat lactate is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor. Panobinostat lactate has antineoplastic activities. Panobinostat lactate effectively disrupts HIV latency. Panobinostat lactate induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat lactate can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 960055-56-5
  • MF: C24H29N3O5
  • MW: 439.50400
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tryptophanase

Tryptophanase, a bacterial enzyme, catalyzes degradation of tryptophan to indole, pyruvate and ammonia[1].

  • CAS Number: 9024-00-4
  • MF: C11H12N2O6
  • MW: 268.223
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride

Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is an antibacterial, used as an antiseptic and for other applications.

  • CAS Number: 3697-42-5
  • MF: C22H32Cl4N10
  • MW: 578.369
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 699.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 255-262 ºC
  • Flash Point: 376.7ºC

mastoparan B

Mastoparan B is an antimicrobial peptide derived from hornet Vespa. Mastoparan B can cause the shape of red blood cells to change from normal disk-like to serrated[1].

  • CAS Number: 137354-65-5
  • MF: C78H138N20O16
  • MW: 1612.05000
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fuberidazole

Fuberidazole (BAY 33172; Furidazole) is a fungicide. Fuberidazole shows a synergistic effect with cucurbituril (CB) macromolecules, such as CB7 and CB8. Studies have shown that, CB8 induces pKa shifts on Fuberidazole. Fuberidazole significantly inhibits the growth of B. cinerea[1].

  • CAS Number: 3878-19-1
  • MF: C11H8N2O
  • MW: 184.19
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.286g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 380.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 310-312℃
  • Flash Point: 194.7ºC

Antifungal agent 6

Antifungal agent 6 is an antifungal agent.

  • CAS Number: 332849-40-8
  • MF: C21H23NO5
  • MW: 369.41100
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Diridavumab

Diridavumab is a monoclonal anti-HA stalk antibody. Diridavumab stabilizes the prefusion HA structure and prevents pH-dependent fusion of cellular and viral membranes in endosomes. Diridavumab can be used in research of H2 influenza virus[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SARS-CoV-2-IN-41

SARS-CoV-2-IN-41 (compound 2) is a potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.022 µM. SARS-CoV-2-IN-41 shows antiviral effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 2920904-06-7
  • MF: C22H30F3N5O4S2
  • MW: 549.63
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

cefpodoxime

Cefpodoxime (Cefpodoxime acid) is a potent antibiotic active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cefpodoxime inhibits the majority of cells in microbial populations. Cefpodoxime can be used for acute otitis media, sinusitis and tosillopharyngitis research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 80210-62-4
  • MF: C15H17N5O6S2
  • MW: 427.455
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 200-202ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Elvitegravir(GS-9137,JTK-303)

Elvitegravir is an HIV integrase inhibitor for HIV-1IIIB, HIV-2EHO and HIV-2ROD with IC50 of 0.7 nM, 2.8 nM and 1.4 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 697761-98-1
  • MF: C23H23ClFNO5
  • MW: 447.884
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 623.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 93-96°C
  • Flash Point: 330.9±31.5 °C

Fipravirimat

Fipravirimat is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor. Fipravirimat has the potential for HIV and AIDS research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1818867-24-1
  • MF: C43H67FN2O4S
  • MW: 727.07
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-[(3-{[(4R)-6,8-Dibromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]amino}propyl )amino]thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7(4H)-one dihydrochloride

CRS3123 (REP-3123) dihydrochloride, a fully synthetic antibacterial agent, potently inhibits methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) of Clostridioides difficile, inhibiting Clostridioides difficile toxin production and spore formation. CRS3123 dihydrochloride is an oral agent for the research of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1013915-99-5
  • MF: C19H21Br2Cl2N3O2S
  • MW: 586.16800
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

isoroquefortine C

Roquefortine C, a fungal cyclopeptide isolated from Penicillium roquefortii, activates P-gp and also inhibits P450-3A and other haemoproteins. Roquefortine C has bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive bacteria[1].

  • CAS Number: 58735-64-1
  • MF: C22H23N5O2
  • MW: 389.450
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 768.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 418.4±32.9 °C

Benzothiazolium,3-ethyl-2-[(3-ethyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolylidene)methyl]-, iodide (1:1)

3,3'-Diethylthiacyanine iodide is a cyanine fluorescent dye. 3,3'-Diethylthiacyanine iodide manifestes a pronounced affinity for bacterial cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2197-01-5
  • MF: C19H19IN2S2
  • MW: 466.40200
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 300ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A