5-Aminolevulinic acid-4-13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride[1]. 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA hydrochloride) is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis in the body and the universal precursor of tetrapyrroles[2][3].
Sinomenine, an alkaloid extracted from Sinomenium acutum, is a blocker of the NF-κB activation[1]. Sinomenine also is an activator of μ-opioid receptor[2].
Fascaplysin is an antimicrobial and cytotoxic red pigment, that can come from the marine sponge (Fascaplysinopsis sp.). Fascaplysin has been synthesized in seven steps from indole (65% yield). Fascaplysin can induces apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Fascaplysin shows anti-tumor activity[1][2].
Apostatin-1 (Apt-1) is a potent TRADD inhibitor. Apostatin-1 can bind with TRADD-N (KD=2.17 μM), disrupting its binding to both TRADD-C and TRAF2. Apostatin-1 modulates the ubiquitination of RIPK1 and beclin 1. Apostatin-1 blocks apoptosis and restores cellular homeostasis by activating autophagy in cells with accumulated mutant tau, α-synuclein, or huntingtin[1].
Mefloquine (Mefloquin), an orally active and potent quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine is also a K+ channel (KvQT1/minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer research[1][2][3].
Actinomycin D inhibits DNA repair with an IC50 of 0.42 μM.
LYN-1604 dihydrochloride is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC50=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)[1].
Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin obtained from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rh4 activates Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Ginsenoside Rh4 also induces autophagy.
BL-918 is a small molecule activator of ULK1 with EC50 of 24 nM (243% kinase activity at 100 nM), induces autophagy via the ULK complex in SH-SY5Y cells; displays a cytoprotective effect on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, as well as protected against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons by targeting ULK1-modulated autophagy in mouse models of PD.
Afatinib dimaleate is an irreversible EGFR family inhibitor with IC50s of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2, respectively.
Maprotiline-d3 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Maprotiline (hydrochloride).
Atg4B-IN-2 is a potent competitive Atg4B inhibitor with Ki value of 3.1 μM, also possesses declining PLA2 inhibitory potency, IC50s of 11 μM and 3.5 μM for Atg4B and PLA2, respectively. Atg4B-IN-2 enhances the anticancer activity of anti-castration-resistant prostate cancer drugs via autophagy inhibition[1].
Procainamide hydrochloride is an anti-arrhythmic agent and is used to treat cardiac arrhythmia; induces rapid block of the batrachotoxin(BTX)-activated sodium channels of the heart muscle and acts as antagonist to long gating closures.
Lapatinib ditosylate monohydrate (GW572016 ditosylate monohydrate) is a potent inhibitor of the ErbB-2 and EGFR tyrosine kinase domains with IC50 values against purified EGFR and ErbB-2 of 10.2 and 9.8 nM, respectively[1].
Pantoprazole-d3 is deuterium labeled Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI)[1]. Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142)[3][4].
(rel)-Atorvastatin, a relative configuration of Atorvastatin. Atorvastatin is an orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids. Atorvastatin inhibits human SV-SMC proliferation and invasion with IC50s of 0.39 μM and 2.39 μM, respectively[1][2][3].
Quercetin D5 is a deuterium labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
Liensinine Diperchlorate is a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Liensinine Diperchlorate inhibits late-stage autophagy/mitophagy through blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Liensinine Diperchlorate has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertension, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, relaxation on vascular smooth muscle, etc[1].
Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a β1-selective adrenergic receptor agonist with EC50 of 5.37 μM.
Nimodipine(Nimotop) is a dihydropyridine derivative and an analogue of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, with antihypertensive activity.Nimodipine decreases intracellular free Ca2+,Beclin-1 and autophagy.Target: Calcium ChannelNimodipine is main use is in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm and resultant ischemia, a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (a form of cerebral bleed), specifically from ruptured intracranial berry aneurysms irrespective of the patient's post-ictus neurological condition. Its administration begins within 4 days of a subarachnoid hemorrhage and is continued for three weeks. If blood pressure drops by over 5%, dosage is adjusted. There is still controversy regarding the use of intravenous nimodipine on a routine basis [1, 2].
TSPO ligand-1 is the ligand of AUTAC4 (HY-134640) that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. TSPO ligand-1 is a mitochondrial outer membrane transmembrane structural domain protein can bind to AUTAC4 and regulate mitochondrial autophagy to promote targeted mitochondrial renewal. TSPO ligand-1 is also involved in the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane and serves as a sensitive biomarker of brain injury and neurodegeneration[1][2].
Chelerythrine Chloride is a potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of protein kinase C, with an IC50 of 660 nM.
Ponatinib D8 (AP24534 D8) is a deuterium labeled Ponatinib. Ponatinib (AP24534) is an orally active multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 0.37 nM, 1.1 nM, 1.5 nM, 2.2 nM, and 5.4 nM for Abl, PDGFRα, VEGFR2, FGFR1, and Src, respectively.
Amiodarone-d10 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Amiodarone. Amiodarone hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic drug for inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel with an IC50 of 19.1 μM[1][2].
Memantine, an amantadine derivative with low to moderate-affinity for NMDA receptors, inhibit CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 with Ki of 0.51 nM and 94.9 μM, respectively..Target: NMDA Receptor, Memantine (Ebixa, Axura, Namenda, Akatinol) is a moderate-affinity, uncompetitive, voltage-dependent, NMDA-receptor antagonist with fast on/off kinetics that inhibits excessive calcium influx induced by chronic overstimulation of the NMDA receptor. Memantine is approved in the US and the EU for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type [1]. Memantine has considerable therapeutic potential for the myriad of clinical entities associated with NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity [2]. Memantine blocked 200 microM NMDA-evoked responses with a 50% inhibition constant (IC50) of approximately 1 microM at -60 mV and an empirical Hill coefficient of approximately 1 [3].
Tamoxifen Citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
Apatinib-d8 (free base) is the deuterium labeled Apatinib free base[1]. Apatinib free base (YN968D1 free base) is an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which selectively targets VEGFR-2 (IC50=1 nM). Apatinib free base (YN968D1 free base) is an anti-angiogenic drug for the treatment of advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Apatinib free base (YN968D1 free base) potently inhibits Ret, c-Kit and c-Src with IC50s of 13, 429 and 530 nM, respectively. It also inhibits cellular phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, c-kit and PDGFRβ[2][3][4].
Lapatinib ditosylate is a potent EGFR and ErbB2 inhibitor with IC50 of 10.2 and 9.8 nM, respectively.
H-89 dihydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) with an IC50 of 48 nM and has weak inhibition on PKG, PKC, Casein Kinase.
BI-D1870 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of RSK isoforms, with IC50s of 31 nM/24 nM/18 nM/15 nM for RSK1/SK2/SK3/SK4, respectively.