Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
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Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
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Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
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Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
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Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
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Wortmannin

Wortmannin is a multi-target inhibitor of PI3K and MLCK with IC50s of 3 nM and 200 nM, respectively. Wortmannin is also a potent inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50, 16 nM) and ATM (IC50, 150 nM). Wortmannin is also a potent inhibitor of Polo-like kinase (Plk).

  • CAS Number: 19545-26-7
  • MF: C23H24O8
  • MW: 428.432
  • Catalog: ATM/ATR
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 615.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 234-240ºC
  • Flash Point: 326.1±31.5 °C

JG-98

JG-98 is an allosteric heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) inhibitor with anti-cancer activities, which disrupts Hsp70 interaction with a co-chaperone Bag3 and affects signaling pathways important for cancer development[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1456551-16-8
  • MF: C24H21Cl2N3OS3
  • MW: 534.54
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Paprotrain

Paprotrain is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the kinesin MKLP-2, inhibits the ATPase activity of MKLP-2 with an IC50 of 1.35 μM and a Ki of 3.36 μM and shows a moderate inhibition activity on DYRK1A with an IC50 of 5.5 μM.

  • CAS Number: 57046-73-8
  • MF: C16H11N3
  • MW: 245.279
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 470.1±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 149.2±12.5 °C

5'-DMT-Bz-rC

5'-O-DMT-Bz-Rc is a modified nucleoside and can be used to synthesize DNA or RNA.

  • CAS Number: 81246-76-6
  • MF: C37H35N3O8
  • MW: 649.68900
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 132-135°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

2’-β-C-Ethynyladenosine

2’-β-C-Ethynyladenosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 640725-76-4
  • MF: C12H13N5O4
  • MW: 291.26
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 654.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 349.4±34.3 °C

3’-beta-C-Methyl-N6-methyladenosine

3’-beta-C-Methyl-N6-methyladenosine is an adenosine analogue. Adenosine analogs mostly act as smooth muscle vasodilators and have also been shown to inhibit cancer progression. The popular products in this series are adenosine phosphate, Acadesine (HY-13417), Clofarabine (HY-A0005), Fludarabine phosphate (HY-B0028) and Vidarabine (HY-B0277)[1].

  • CAS Number: 565450-84-2
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gamitrinib TPP

Gamitrinib TPP is a GA mitochondrial matrix inhibitor. Gamitrinib TPP is offered as the hexafluorophosphate salt (Cat# HY-102007A).

  • CAS Number: 1131626-46-4
  • MF: C52H65N3O8P
  • MW: 891.059999999999
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Phosphonoformic acid trisodium salt hexahydrate

Foscarnet trisodium hexahydrate (Trisodium phosphonatoformate hexahydrate) is a viral DNA polymerase activity inhibitor, leading to reversible suppression of viral replication. Foscarnet trisodium hexahydrate is an antiherpesvirus agent used in cytomegalovirus retinitis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 34156-56-4
  • MF: CH12Na3O11P
  • MW: 300.042
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 490.7ºC
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 250.6ºC

CMLD012073

CMLD012073 is an amidino-rocaglates and is a potent eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) inhibitor. CMLD012073 against NIH/3T3 cells with an IC50 of 10 nM. CMLD012073 inhibits eukaryotic translation initiation by modifying the behavior of the RNA helicase (eIF4A)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2368900-32-5
  • MF: C30H30N2O7
  • MW: 530.57
  • Catalog: Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AV-153

AV-153, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivative, is an antimutagenic. AV-153 intercalates to DNA in a single strand break and reduces DNA damage, stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. AV-153 interacts with thymine and cytosine and has an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation. AV-153 has anti-cancer activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 27296-05-5
  • MF: C14H18NNaO6
  • MW: 319.28600
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 450.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sibiromycin

Sibiromycin is a naturally produced glycosylated pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs). Sibiromycin is also a potent antitumor antibiotic that binds covalently to DNA in the minor groove at the NH2 of guanine[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 12684-33-2
  • MF: C24H31N3O7
  • MW: 473.51900
  • Catalog: DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker
  • Density: 1.41g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 755.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 410.8ºC

HSP-990

NVP-HSP990 is a potent and selective Hsp90 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.6, 0.8, and 8.5 nM for Hsp90α, Hsp90β, and Grp94, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 934343-74-5
  • MF: C20H18FN5O2
  • MW: 379.388
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dihydrochlamydocin

Dihydrochlamydocin is a Putative HDAC inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 52574-64-8
  • MF: C28H40N4O6
  • MW: 528.64
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin polymerization-IN-12

Tubulin polymerization-IN-12 is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC50=0.75 μM). Tubulin polymerization-IN-12 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2377301-45-4
  • MF: C23H23N5O6
  • MW: 465.46
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ansamitocin P-3

Ansamitocin P-3 is a microtubule inhibitor. Ansamitocin P-3 is a macrocyclic antitumor antibiotic.

  • CAS Number: 66584-72-3
  • MF: C32H43ClN2O9
  • MW: 635.145
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 833.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 190-192℃
  • Flash Point: 457.7±34.3 °C

N4-Amino-2’-β-C-methylcytidine

N4-Amino-2'-C-methylcytidine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 622381-10-6
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NXT629

NXT629 is a potent, selective, and competitive PPAR-α antagonist, with an IC50 of 77 nM for human PPARα, shows high selectivity over other nuclear hormone receptor, such as PPARδ, PPARγ, ERβ, GR and TRβ, IC50s are 6.0, 15, 15.2, 32.5 and >100 μM, respectively[1]. NXT629 has potent anti-tumor activity and inhibits experimental metastasis of cancer cell in animal models[2].

  • CAS Number: 1454925-59-7
  • MF: C35H39N5O3S
  • MW: 609.78
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bay H 2049

Batracylin (NSC320846) is a potent DNA Topoisomerases I and DNA Topoisomerases II inhibitor. Batracylin shows cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity. Batracylin induces DNA breaks[1].

  • CAS Number: 67199-66-0
  • MF: C15H11N3O
  • MW: 249.27
  • Catalog: Topoisomerase
  • Density: 1.46g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 524ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 270.7ºC

(+)-Aphidicolin

Aphidicolin is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α and δ, prevents mitotic cell division by interfering with the activity of DNA polymerase[1].Aphidicolin is an antibiotic produced by the mold Cephalosporium aphidicola. Aphidicolin is a potent inhibitor of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus[2].Aphidicolin potentiates apoptosis induced by arabinosyl nucleosides in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line[3].

  • CAS Number: 38966-21-1
  • MF: C20H34O4
  • MW: 338.482
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 507.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 225-233ºC
  • Flash Point: 230.4±24.7 °C

Temozolomide-8-carboxylic acid

Temozolomide acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Temozolomide. Temozolomide is a DNA alkylating agent, methylating the guanine and adenine bases of DNA, causing breaks in DNA double strand, cell cycle arrest, and eventually cell death. Temozolomide acid has an activity similar to the parent compound Temozolomide with the same anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 113942-30-6
  • MF: C6H5N5O3
  • MW: 195.136
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 2.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 487.7±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 177 ºC (decomp)
  • Flash Point: 248.7±26.5 °C

XR-5000

DACA inhibits two essential nuclear enzymes in vitro, DNA topoisomerase I and DNA topoisomerase (topo) II. DACA stabilises topo I, topo II alpha, and topo II beta cleavable complexes in human leukaemia CCRF-CEM cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 89459-25-6
  • MF: C18H19N3O
  • MW: 293.36300
  • Catalog: Topoisomerase
  • Density: 1.182g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 544.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 282.9ºC

Solidagonic acid

Solidagonic acid inhibits HSET motor activity by promoting the conversion from abnormal monopolar to bipolar spindles. Solidagonic acid suppresses fission yeast cell death and enables reversion of the mitotic spindles from a monopolar to bipolar morphology. Solidagonic acid showed the growth inhibitory activity on the seedlings of Lactuca sativa L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 19941-91-4
  • MF: C22H34O4
  • MW: 362.503
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 464.9±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 150.9±17.5 °C

Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-MCA

Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC is a substrate for HDAC[1].

  • CAS Number: 660846-97-9
  • MF: C28H40N8O7
  • MW: 600.667
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Peldesine

Peldesine (BCX 34) is a potent, competitive, reversible and orally active purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor with IC50s of 36 nM, 5 nM, and 32 nM for human, rat, and mouse red blood cell (RBC) PNP, respectively. Peldesine is also a T-cell proliferation inhibitor with an IC50 of 800 nM. Peldesine has the potential for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, psoriasis and HIV infection treatment[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 133432-71-0
  • MF: C12H11N5O
  • MW: 241.24900
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.57g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 534ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 276.7ºC

9H-Purine, 6-methyl-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-

6-Methylpurine riboside is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 14675-48-0
  • MF: C11H14N4O4
  • MW: 266.25
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.81 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 590.4ºC
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 310.9ºC

7BIO

7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) is the derivate of indirubin. 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) has inhibitory effects against cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic impairments, tau hyper-phosphorylation, activation of astrocytes and microglia, and attenuates Aβ oligomer-induced cognitive impairments in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 916440-85-2
  • MF: C16H10BrN3O2
  • MW: 356.17400
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: 1.80±0.1 g/cm3 (20 °C, 760 mmHg)
  • Boiling Point: 565.5±50.0 °C (760 mmHg)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sirtinol

Sirtinol is a sirtuin inhibitor, with IC50s of 48 μM, 57.7 μM and 131 μM for ySir2, hSIRT2 and hSIRT2, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 410536-97-9
  • MF: C26H22N2O2
  • MW: 394.465
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 659.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 119-120℃
  • Flash Point: 352.5±30.1 °C

OMP SODIUM SALT

Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is a pyrimidine nucleotide. Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is synthesized via the de novo synthesis pathway for DNA synthesis in a large number of microorganisms including M. tuberculosis, S. cerevisiae, S. typhimurium and P. falciparum to name a few. The synthesis of orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium uses phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and orotic acid (OA) as the substrates catalyzed by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT)[1].

  • CAS Number: 68244-58-6
  • MF: C10H10N2Na3O11P
  • MW: 434.13600
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-Phenylbutyric acid-d5

4-Phenylbutyric acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled 4-Phenylbutyric acid[1]. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 64138-52-9
  • MF: C10H7D5O2
  • MW: 169.23
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RGB-286147

RGB-286147 is a selective and ATP-competitive CDK and CDK-related kinases (CRK) inhibitor with 50 values ranging from 9-839 nM. RGB-286147 shows less active against other non-CDK/CRK kinases. RGB-286147 induces cell apoptosis, and exhibits anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 784211-09-2
  • MF: C23H22Cl2N4O3
  • MW: 473.35200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A