Clathrin-IN-2 is potent inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM. Clathrin-IN-2 also has inhibitiory for dyn I GTPase with an IC50 value of 7.7 μM[1].
Dynasore is a cell-permeable dynamin inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 μM.
KX2-391 (dihydrochloride) is an inhibitor of Src that targets the peptide substrate site of Src, with GI50 of 9-60 nM in cancer cell lines.
Enlimomab (BI-RR 0001), a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody to the human ICAM-1, inhibits leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, thereby decreasing leukocyte extravasation and inflammatory tissue injury. Enlimomab has anti-inflammatory effects, and can be used for stroke research[1] [2] .
Veltuzumab (IMMU-106) is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Veltuzumab has low EC50 value of 0.08-0.09 μg/mL in the Daudi cell line. Veltuzumab can be used for the research of cancer including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)[1].
GR 144053 trihydrochloride is a selective and non-peptic GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor (IC50=37 nM)[1].
Cyclo(-RGDfK) TFA is a potent and selective inhibitor of the αvβ3 integrin, with an IC50 of 0.94 nM[1]. Cyclo(-RGDfK) TFA potently targets tumor microvasculature and cancer cells through the specific binding to the αvβ3 integrin on the cell surface[3].
Ombrabulin is a derivative of CA-4 phosphate, which is known to exhibit antivascular effects through selective disruption of the tubulin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells.
Lexibulin(CYT-997) is a potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50 of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo.IC50 value: 10-100 nM(cell assay) [1]Target: tubulin polymerisation inhibitor in vitro: CYT997 prevented the in vitro polymerization of tubulin with an IC50 of ～3 μmol/L (compared with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2 μmol/L for colchicine under identical conditions) as determined using the conventional turbidimetric assay for tubulin polymerization. CYT997 was also capable of reversibly disrupting the microtubule network in cells, visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Thus, treatment of A549 cells with CYT997 (1 μmol/L) lead to the rapid reorganization of microtubules, including the destruction of the existing microtubule network and accumulation of tubulin in plaques within the cytoplasm of some cells. After 24 hours, major alterations in cell morphology were evident, including loss of adhesion and cell rounding. The effect of 1 hour of treatment with CYT997 was reversible and cells rapidly recovered their normal microtubule architecture. Taken together, the data indicates that CYT997 belongs to the class of anticancer agents that disrupt, rather than stabilize, tubulin-containing structures. Although vehicle-treated cells show 15% and 19% in G2-M phase at 15 and 24 hours (respectively), cells treated with CYT997 (1 μmol/L) had 38% and 43% of cells in G2-M at the same time points. Furthermore, at 24 hours post-CYT997 treatment, only 66% of total cells were in the G1, S, and G2-M phases, which suggests that cells blocked at the G2-M boundary do not exit back to G1, as in the normal cell cycle, but most likely are driven towards apoptosis and cell death [1]. Consistent with the disruption of cellular tubulin, CYT997 potently inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and most importantly apoptosis of both human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and primary MM cells [2].in vivo: In a xenograft model using the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, oral dosing of CYT997 was initiated 13 days after cell implantation by which time palpable tumors were evident. A dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth was apparent with CYT997, which at the highest dose was equivalent to parenterally administered paclitaxel. A single dose of CYT997 (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) clearly decreased blood flow in liver metastases, and a significant reduction in blood flow was present 6 hours postdose [1]. CYT997 treatment (15 mg/kg/day) significantly prolongs the survival in a murine model of aggressive systemic myelomatosis [2].
Mertansine (DM1) is a microtubulin inhibitor which binds at the tips of microtubules and suppresses the dynamicity of microtubules.. Mertansine is an antibody-conjugatable maytansinoid that was developed to overcome systemic toxicity associated with maytansine and to enhance tumor-specific delivery.
Latrunculin A (LAT-A) is a toxin isolated from the red sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica, binds to actin monomers, inhibits polymerization of actin, with Kds of 0.1, 0.4, 4.7 μM and 0.19 μM for ATP-actin, ADP-Pi-actin, ADP-actin and G-actin, respectively[1][2].
Integrin-IN-2 (compound 39) is an orally bioavailable pan αv integrin inhibitor. Integrin-IN-2 can increases the αvβ6, αvβ3, αvβ5 and αvβ8 binding affinities with pIC50 values of 7.8, 8.4, 8.4 and 7.4, respectively[1].
5-Aminosalicylic acid-13C6 is the 13C labeled 5-Aminosalicylic Acid[1]. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB[2][3][4].
Sirt1/2-IN-1 (Compound 7) is a SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.81, 2.10 and 20.5 µg/mL against SIRT1, SIRT2 and SIRT3, respectively. Sirt1/2-IN-1 displays activity in hyperacetylation of α-tubulin protein with an IC50 of 32.05 µg/mL. Sirt1/2-IN-1 shows prominent anticancer activity[1].
Ixabepilone is an orally bioavailable microtubule inhibitor, which binds to tubulin and promotes tubulin polymerization and microtubule stabilization, thereby arrests cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces tumor cell apoptosis.
Cyclo(RGDyK) is a potent and selective αVβ3 integrin inhibitor with an IC50 of 20 nM.
Entasobulin is a β-tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potential anticancer activity.
Cantuzumab mertansine (SB-408075; huC242-DM1), an ADC, is an immunoconjugate of the potent maytansine derivative (DM1; HY-19792) and the humanized monoclonal antibody (huC242) directed to CanAg. Cantuzumab mertansine has cytotoxic toward colon cancer cells and has broad antitumor efficacy against a range of CanAg-positive human tumor xenografts[1][2].
KX2-391 is an inhibitor of Src that targets the peptide substrate site of Src, with GI50 of 9-60 nM in cancer cell lines.
PM050489 is an effective polyketone inhibitor of Microtubule/Tubulin that can be isolated from Madagascan sponge Lithoplocamia lithistoides. PM050489 inhibits mitosis with an IC50 value of 26.4 nM. PM050489 has antitumor activity and can be used in cancer research[1][2].
Mps1-IN-1 is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive Mps1 kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 and a Kd of 367 nM and 27 nM.
Dimethylenastron is a potent Eg5 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 200 nM.
FRAX597 is a potent group I p21-activated Kinases (PAKs) inhibitor with IC50 of 8, 13 and 19 nM for PAK1, 2 and 3.
Antitumor agent-68 is a potent tubulin inhibitor. Antitumor agent-68 shows potent anticancer activity with IC50s of 3.6 and 3.8 µM for HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Antitumor agent-68 exhibits good scavenging activity of ROS and DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner[1].
DM4-SPDP is a drug-linker conjugate composed of a potent antitubulin agent DM4 and a linker SMCC to make antibody drug conjugate[1]. SPDP is a short-chain crosslinker for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls[2][3].
Moroidin (1) is a bicyclic octapeptide belonging to the Urticaceae-type cyclopeptide family. Moroidin (1) has a potent inhibitory effect on purified tubulin polymerization. Moroidin (1) has cytotoxic effects for several cancer cells, and can induce apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells[1].
BI-1950 is a potent, selective LFA-1 antagonist that inhibits the binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1 with Kd value of 9 nM; displays >1,000 fold selectivity against the most closely related b2-integrin Mac-1 and b1-integrin function; inhibits the production of IL-2 in human PBMC and whole blood with IC50 value of 3 nM and 120 nM, respectively; exhibits an attractive DMPK profile, BI-1950 is a excellent molecule for testing pharmacological hypotheses in vitro and in vivo.
Drp1-IN-1 (comp A-7) is a dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.91 μM[1].
Compounds 17O (ic50= 14.0 nm, NCI-H460) and 17p (ic50= 2.9 nm, NCI-H460) and furan groups showed effective cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines at the nanomolar level.
Rovelizumab is a humanized monoclonal leukointegrin antibody. Rovelizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD11/CD18 cell adhesion proteins. Rovelizumab can be used for research of multiple sclerosis (MS), hemorrhagic shock, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke[1].