Remikiren (Ro 42-5892) is an orally active and highly specific renin inhibitor. Remikiren specifically inhibits human reninand human plasma renin with IC50 values of 0.7 and 0.8 nM, respectively. Remikiren also reduces mean arterial blood pressure in sodium-depleted marmosets and squirrel monkeys. Remikiren can be used in study of hypertension[1].
(-)-Praeruptorin A is a nature product that could be isolated from the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. (-)-Praeruptorin A relaxes ileum and tracheal smooth muscles by activating NO/cGMP signaling pathway. (-)-Praeruptorin A has dramatically therapeutic effects on hypertension mainly through acting as a Ca2+-influx blocker[1].
Muscone is the main active monomer of traditional Chinese medicine musk. Muscone inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Muscone remarkably decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6), and ultimately improves cardiac function and survival rate[1].
Veratric acid-d6 is deuterium labeled Veratric acid. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant[1] and anti-inflammatory activities[3]. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling[2]. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation[3].
Methyl homoveratrate, a metabolite of RWJ-26240 in vivo, can be identified in plasma, urine and faecal extract. McN5691 (RWJ-26240) is a voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker[1].
Denecimig (Mim8) is a novel activated coagulation factor VIII-mimetic human bispecific antibody with anti-FIXa and anti-FX arms that potently stimulates FX activation resulting in efficacious haemostasis in vitro and in vivo[1].
Adrenomedullin (porcine) is a peptide that regulates vasodilation. Adrenomedullin (porcine) induces endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat aorta with IC50 value of 2.4 nM. Adrenomedullin (porcine) induces endothelium-independent relaxation of porcine coronary arteries with an IC50 of 27.6 nM[1].
Olprinone Hcl(Loprinone Hcl) is a selective phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor. IC50 value:Target: PDE3Olprinone is used as cardiotonic agent with positive inotropic and vasodilating effects. Olprinone has been reported to improve microcirculation and attenuate inflammation. Olprinone is often used to increase cardiac output after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Olprinone was infused at a rate of 0.2 μg/kg/min when weaning from CPB was started. Olprinone has also shown potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in the meconium-induced oxidative lung injury.
Enalapril Maleate, the active metabolite of enalapril, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.Target: ACEEnalapril is a prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to enalaprilat following oral administration. Enalaprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Enalapril may be used to treat essential or renovascular hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure [1].
PDE5-IN-4 is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor. PDE5-IN-4 can be used for the research of acute myocardial infarction and damage caused by reperfusion, gastrointestinal diseases, damage caused by diabetes, and liver failure[1].
Lerisetron is a potent 5-HT3 antagonists and possess high-affinity binding for the 5-HT3 receptors with pKi value of 9.2. Lerisetron has a potent ability to inhibit the 5-HT-evoked reflex bradycardia in urethane-anesthetized rats[1].
Ivachtin (Caspase-3 Inhibitor VII; compound 7a) is a nonpeptide, noncompetitive and reversibl caspase-3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 nM. Ivachtin has modest selectivity for the remaining caspases[1].
Aplodan is an antiischemic and antiarrhythmic agent. Aplodan has a protective action on cell membrane. Aplodan has the potential for the research of ischemic heart or ischemic heart disease with persistent ventricular premature beats (VPB) [1][2].
L-Aspartic acid disodium is an amino acid, can be used as a suitable prodrug for colon-specific drug deliverly[1][2].
Rentiapril is an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity[1][2].
Cav 3.2 inhibitor 4 (compound 21) is a potent, peripherally restricted, selective T-type calcium channel (Cav3.2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. Cav 3.2 inhibitor 4 can be used for the research of atrial fibrillation[1].
Saralasin ([Sar1,Ala8] Angiotensin II) acetate hydrate is an octapeptide analog of angiotensin II. Saralasin acetate hydrate is a competitive angiotensin II receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 0.32 nM for 74% of the binding sites, and has partial agonist activity as well. Saralasin acetate hydrate can be used for the research of renovascular hypertension, renin-dependent (angiotensinogenic) hypertension[1][3][6].
Desidustat is an inhibitor of HIF hydroxylase extracted from patent WO 2014102818 A1, compound example 2.
Nicainoprol is a fast-sodium-channel blocking drug, which is a potent antiarrhythmic agent.
YS 49 inhibits Ang II-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs via induction of HO-1.IC50 value:Target: HO-1YS-49 is a novel positive inotropic isoquinoline compound. YS-49 has potential as a therapeutic strategy for the pathogenesis of Ang II-related vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, via the induction of HO-1 gene activity. YS-49 induced HO-1 protein production in a dose-and time-dependent manner in VSMCs. Treatment with YS-49 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation, ROS production, and phosphorylation of JNK, but not P38 MAP kinase or ERK1/2.YS-49(32.8 microM) exhibited much stronger inhibitory effects on TXA(2) formation. The higher inhibitory potencies of YS-49 (IC(50): 3.3microM) than higenamine (IC(50): 140 microM) on AA induced rat platelet aggregation was presumed to be the result of low inhibitory effect of higenamine than YS-49 on TXA(2) production from AA. The oral administration of YS-49 (50 mg/kg) increased the recovery rates from the acute thrombotic challenge in mice and lowered the weight of thrombus formed inside the AV shunt tube in rats.
PHPS1 sodium is a potent and selective Shp2 inhibitor with Kis of 0.73, 5.8, 10.7, 5.8, and 0.47 μM for Shp2, Shp2-R362K, Shp1, PTP1B, and PTP1B-Q, respectively[1].
Rotundatin is useful in inhibition of the aggregation of platelets induced by arachidonic acid and collagen[1].
Felypressin acetate (PLV-2 acetate) is a non-catecholamine vasoconstrictor and a vasopressin 1 agonist. Felypressin acetate is widely used in dental procedures[1][2].
Derenofylline is a potent, selective and orally active adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 1 nM, 200 nM and 398 nM for human A1, A3 and A2Areceptors respectively. Derenofylline suppresses cardiac fibrosis and attenuates albuminuria without affecting blood pressure in rats[1].
Didesethyl chloroquine (Bisdesethylchloroquine) is a major metabolite of the antimalarial drug Chloroquine. Didesethyl chloroquine is a potent myocardial depressant[1][2].
HSF1A is a cell-permeable activator of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1).
SQ 28853 is an inhibitor of ACE with diuretic properties.
Edoxaban(DU-176) is an oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in clinical development for stroke preventionIC50 Value:Target: factor XaEdoxaban is an oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in clinical development for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, an elderly population that frequently receives aspirin (ASA) and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for concurrent illnesses[1].in vitro: Edoxaban PK was not affected by concomitant low-dose ASA or naproxen, but high-dose ASA increased systemic exposure of edoxaban by approximately 30%. The effects of edoxaban on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, anti-FXa, and intrinsic FXa activity were not influenced by administration with ASA or naproxen. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by high-dose ASA, low-dose ASA, or naproxen was not affected by edoxaban[1].in vivo: Forty-eight subjects, aged 18 to 45 years, received either edoxaban 60 mg once daily × 7 days (n = 24) or digoxin 0.25 mg twice daily × 2 days and once daily × 5 days (n = 24) and then concomitantly for 7 days. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for digoxin and edoxaban concentrations on days 7 and 14. Serial coagulation assays were measured for edoxaban on days 7 and 14. Edoxaban PK parameters demonstrated mild increases in area under the curve and peak concentrations of 9.5% and 15.6%, respectively[2],Clinical trial: Pharmacokinetics, biotransformation, and mass balance of edoxaban, a selective, direct factor Xa inhibitor, in humans was reported[3].
Ombrabulin hydrochloride is a derivative of CA-4 phosphate, which is known to exhibit antivascular effects through selective disruption of the tubulin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells.
Procion Blue HB (Reactive Blue 2) is a purinergic antagonist.