Leelamine hydrochloride is a tricyclic diterpene molecule that is extracted from the bark of pine trees[1]. Leelamine hydrochloride is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist and a inhibitor of SREBP1-regulated fatty acid/lipid synthesis in prostate cancer cells that is not affected by androgen receptor status. Leelamine hydrochloride suppresses transcriptional activity of androgen receptor, which is known to regulate fatty acid synthesis[2,3].
Evazarsen is an angiotensinogen synthesis inhibitor and possesses antihypertensive properties[1].
Trilostane(Win 24540; Modrastane) is an inhibitor of 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.IC50 value:Target: 3 β-HSDTrilostane is an inhibitor of 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-β-HSD or delta 5-delta 4-isomerase), an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids. It has been used in the treatment of Cushing′s syndrome for stopping the production of cortisol, and is currently approved for dogs in the US, but is still a human drug in the UK and other countries. It is being investigated as a possible treatment for both breast cancer and prostate cancer to prevent the synthesis of estrogens and androgens from endogenous precursors. It has also been used to inhibit endogenous production of progesterone in research studies.
Ambrisentan (BSF 208075) sodium is a selective and orally active ET type A receptor (ETAR) antagonist[1][2].
[Deamino-4-valine, 8-D-arginine]-Vasopressin (dVDAVP) is a highly potent and specific antidiuretic agent possessing protracted effects[1][2].
5,6-trans-Travoprost is the inactive isomer of Travoprost (HY-B0584), and can be used as an experimental control. Travoprost (Fluprostenol isopropyl ester), an isopropyl ester proagent, is a high affinity, selective FP prostaglandin full receptor agonist. Travoprost has the ocular hypotensive efficacy and has the potential for glaucoma and ocular hypertension[1].
α-Muricholic acid is the most abundant primary bile acid in rodents[1][2].
Urapidil-d4 is the deuterium labeled Urapidil[1]. Urapidil is an α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist and a 5-HT1A receptor agonist[2].
Lodenafil carbonate, a dimer that acts as a prodrug delivering Lodenafil in vivo, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED)[1][2].
Urocortin II, mouse is a potent and selective endogenous peptide agonist of type-2 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF2) receptor with Ki values of 0.66 nM and ﹥100 nM for CRFR2 and CRFR1, respectively. Urocortin II, mouse activates CRF2 receptors in a cAMP/PKA- and Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent manner.Urocortin II, mouse is expressed in discrete areas of the central nervous system, and activates central neurons involved in the processing of visceral sensory information, and in modulating autonomic outflow[1][2][3].
Aligeron is a non-selective prostaglandin (PG) antagonist, and has vasodilatory properties.
Imnopitant is a NK1 receptor antagonist (WO2020132716, compound 1) [1].
Protein Kinase C Peptide Substrate is targeted to a specific cellular compartment in a manner dependent on second messengers and on specific adapter proteins in response to extracellular signals that activate G-protein-coupled receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, or tyrosine kinase-coupled receptors. Protein Kinase C Peptide Substrate then regulates various physiological functions including the activation of nervous, endocrine, exocrine, inflammatory, and immune systems[1].
Metaproterenol hemisulfate (Orciprenaline hemisulfate) is a direct-acting sympathomimetic and a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist with an IC50 of 68 nM. Metaproterenol hemisulfate also has anti-inflammatory activity[1][2].
ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) (compound (R)-9s) is an orally active, potent and selective human α1D-adrenoceptor (α1D-AR) antagonist (Ki=1.6 nM). ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) dose-dependently inhibits bladder contraction with an IC30 value of 15 nM. ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) can be used in studies of overactive bladder disorders such as urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a circulating hormone comprised of 84 amino acids. Parathyroid hormone is produced in the parathyroid glands and acts primarily on bone and kidney to maintain extracellular calcium levels within normal limits. Parathyroid hormone can be used for osteoporosis research[1].
Trithiozine is an orally active antisecretory and antiulcer agent. Trithiozine can be used for the research of peptic ulcer disease and hypersecretory disorders[1].
P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker and a gastric acid secretion inhibitor. P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride inhibits H+/K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 value of <100 nM. P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride inhibits the hERG potassium channel with an IC50 value of 18.69 M. P-CAB agent 2 hydrochloride shows no acute toxicity and inhibits histamine (HY-B1204)-induced gastric acid secretion[1].
Sauvagine, a 40-amino-acid neuropeptide from the skin of the frog, is a mammalian CRF agonist. Sauvagine is effective at releasing ACTH from rat pituitary cells. Sauvagine possesses a number of pharmacological actions on diuresis, the cardiovascular system and endocrine glands[1][2][3].
JMS-17-2 hydrochloride is a potent and selective CX3CR1 antagonist with an IC50 of 0.32 nM. JMS-17-2 hydrochloride impairs metastatic seeding and colonization of breast cancer cells[1].
Hexestrol is a nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen. Hexestrol can be used for the research of the diseases caused by estrogen deficiencym, and it also can increase the weight of cattle[1][2].
Antalarmin (hydrochloride) is a non-peptide corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) antagonist with a Ki of 1 nM. Antalarmin hydrochloride suppresses CRH-induced ACTH secretion and blocks CRH and novelty induced anxiety-like behavior in animal models. Antalarmin hydrochloride produces anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis models, and suppresses stress-induced gastric ulceration related to irritable bowel syndrome[1][2][3].
Homo Sildenafil, an analog of Sildenafil, acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor[1].
Gly-Gly-Arg is a tripeptide, and a “pumping pheromone” released from the hatching eggs. Gly-Gly-Arg induces pleopod pumping activity, with the threshold concentration of 10 nM. Gly-Gly-Arg shows maximum percentage response of 58.3%. Gly-Gly-Arg act as pheromones and controlls larval release in subtidal crustaceans[1].
N-Acetyloxytocin is isolated and characterized in the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary (NIL) and their presence in several brain areas of the rat[1].
Upacicalcet sodium is an intravenous calcimimetic agent. Upacicalcet suppresses excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, thereby lowering blood PTH levels, by acting directly on parathyroid cell membrane calcium-sensing receptors. Upacicalcet can be used for researching the disease of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT)[1].
Pasireotide(SOM 230) is a stable cyclohexapeptide somatostatin mimic that exhibits unique high-affinity binding to human somatostatin receptors (subtypes sst1/2/3/4/5, pKi=8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9 respectively).IC50 value: 8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9(pKi, sst1/2/3/4/5) [1]in vitro: SOM230 showed a lower potency of GH release inhibition (IC(50), 0.5 nM), compared with OCT (IC(50), 0.02 nM) and SRIF-14 (IC(50), 0.02 nM). A positive correlation was found between sst(2) but not sst(5) mRNA levels in the adenoma cells and the inhibitory potency of OCT on GH release in vivo and in vitro, and the effects of SOM230 and SRIF-14 in vitro [2]. In cultures of human fetal pituitary cells, SOM230 inhibited GH secretion by 42 +/- 9% (P = 0.002) but had no effect on TSH release. SOM230 inhibited GH release from GH-secreting adenoma cultures by 34 +/- 8% (P = 0.002), PRL by 35 +/- 4% from PRL-secreting adenomas (P = 0.01), and alpha-subunit secretion from nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas by 46 +/- 18% (P = 0.34) [3].in vivo: On day 7, there was a decrease in serum insulin levels from 1.06 ± 0.28 μg/L to 0.37 ± 0.17 μg/L (P = .0128) and a significant increase in serum glucose from 4.2 ± 0.45 mmol/L to 7.12 ± 1.06 mmol/L (P = .0075) in the treatment group but no change in the control group [4]. In wild-type mice, both octreotide and pasireotide significantly attenuated knee joint swelling and histopathologic manifestations of arthritis to an extent comparable to that of dexamethasone. In SSTR2(-/-) mice, the antiinflammatory effects of both octreotide and pasireotide were completely abrogated [5].
Epiandrosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. Epiandrosterone is naturally produced by the enzyme 5α-reductase from the adrenal hormone DHEA.
Bimatoprost methyl ester is a prodrug of Bimatoprost (HY-B0191)[1].
[D-Trp8,Tyr11] Somatostatin is an analogue of somatostatin. Somatostatin is a hormone that regulates a variety of bodily functions. DTrp8 residue can increase stability[1].