Glycohyocholic acid(GHCA) is a glycine-conjugated form of the primary bile acid hyocholic acid[1].
Methionine sulfoxide is an oxidation product of methionine with reactive oxygen species and can be regarded as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo.
D-Glucose-d1-3 is the deuterium labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
Clopamide is an orally active thiazide-like diuretic agent that inhibits the sodium-coupled chloride cotransporter SLC12A3. Clopamide has the potential for hypertension and cardiac failure research[1][2].
Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium is an orally active physiological glucocorticoid. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium inhibits proinflammatory cytokine activity, with IC50s of 6.7 and 21.4 μM for IL-6 and IL-3, respectively. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis (UC)[1].
AV123 (compound 12) is a non-cytotoxic RIPK1 inhibitor (IC50=12.12 µM). AV123 blocks the TNF-α-induced necroptotic (EC50=1.7 μM) but not the apoptotic cell death. AV123 can be used in the study of necrotic chronic conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart and kidney, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases[1].
Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is a competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2[1]. Zinc Protoporphyrin is a normal metabolite formed in trace amounts during heme biosynthesis and used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration[2].
L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
Coumermycin A1 is a JAK2 signal activator. Coumermycin A1 inhibits DNA Gyrase which thereby inhibits cell division in bacteria.
K579 is a potent and orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. K579 inhibits the blood glucose elevation. K579 increases the plasma insulin and active forms of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). K579 has the potential for the research of diabetic[1].
(Asn10,Leu11,D-Trp12)-pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) is a potent PTH-1R antagonist[1][2].
PF-07202954 is a weakly basic DGAT2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 nM for human DGAT2. PF-07202954 lowers liver triglyceride content in a Western-diet-fed rat model[1].
Altertoxin I (Dihydroalterperylenol) is a quinone-type mycotoxin produced by Alternaria alternata fungi, which is mutagenic and cytotoxic, and can weakly disrupts metabolic communication[1].
NF-κB-IN-7 (compound 1B) is a potent NF-κB inhibitor. NF-κB-IN-7 can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, diabetes and diabetes complications, infections, cardiovascular disease and defective reperfusion injury[1].
Metyrapone is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450-mediated ω/ω-1 hydroxylase activity and CYP11B1.Target: CYP11B1Metyrapone is a drug used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and occasionally in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism). Metyrapone blocks cortisol synthesis by reversibly inhibiting steroid 11β-hydroxylase. This stimulates ACTH secretion, which in turn increases plasma 11-Deoxycortisol levels.
trans-trans-Muconic acid-d4-1 is a deuterium labeled trans-trans-Muconic acid (HY-113247). trans-trans-Muconic acid is a urinary metabolite of benzene and has been used as a biomarker of exposure to benzene in human.
Trimyristin, an active molluscicidal component of Myristica fragrans Houtt, significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. IC50s of Trimyristin against AChE, ACP, and ALP are 0.11, 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively[1].
Tetrahydrofluoroene 52 is a potent and selective estrogen receptor β agonist.
Kynuramine, an endogenously occurring amine, is a fluorescent substrate and probe of plasma amine oxidase[1][2].
DL-Alanine-3-13C is the 13C-labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Fasiglifam (TAK-875) hemihydrate is a potent, selective and orally active GPR40 agonist with EC50 of 72 nM. Fasiglifam enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and improves hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic rats. Fasiglifam can induce liver injury[1][2][3][4].
(2E,9Z)-Octadeca-2,9-dienoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, can be used for the research of lipoxygenase-dependent metabolism[1].
D-α-Tocopherol acetate (D-Vitamin E acetate) can be hydrolyzed to d-alpha-tocopherol (VE) and absorbed in the small intestine[1].
SNT-207707 is a selective, potent and orally active melanocortin MC-4 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 8 nM (binding) and 5 nM (function) on the MC-4 receptor.
Naveglitazar (LY519818) is a nonthiozolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α-γ dual, γ-dominant agonist that has shown glucose-lowering potential in animal models[1].
Hydroaurantiogliocladin is a quinol. Hydroaurantiogliocladin can be used as substrate for the quinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity (beef heart enzyme)[1].
Pirozadil is a hypolipidemic agent.
L-Histidine-13C6,15N3 (H-His-OH-13C6,15N3) hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.
YK11 is a partial agonist of androgen receptor, with osteogenic activity.
PTP1B-IN-8 is a potent and selective potent protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitor extracted from patent CN103626692A, example 1[1].