Atorvastatin hemicalcium trihydrate is an orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids. Atorvastatin hemicalcium trihydrate inhibits human SV-SMC proliferation and invasion with IC50s of 0.39 μM and 2.39 μM, respectively[1][2][3].
L-Glucose-13C-1 is the 13C labeled L-Glucose. L-Glucose (L-(-)-Glucose) is an enantiomer of D-glucose. L-Glucose can promote food intake[1][2].
RBP4 inhibitor 1 (compound 43b) is a potent and orally active retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) inhibitor with IC50s of 28 nM and 110 nM for human and mouse RBP4. RBP4 inhibitor 1 has a potent and long-lasting blood RBP4-level-reducing effect in mice[1].
(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl ditetradecanoate-d54 is deuterium labeled (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl ditetradecanoate. (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl
(2S,3R)-Brassinazole, the enantiomer of Brassinazole (BRZ). Brassinazole inhibits brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, via acting on the oxidative processes from 6-oxo-campestanol to teasterone. (2S,3R)-Brassinazole might be the most active form of Brz[1][2][3].
Citric acid is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer.
3,4-Dimethoxyphenol is a plant-derived phenylpropanoid compound and can use as a whitening agent in cosmetics. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol has tyrosinase-inhibiting activity[1]. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol has potent antioxidant effect isolated from the bacterial fermentation broth[2].
Henagliflozin (SHR3824) is a potent selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with the IC50 values of 2.38 and 4324 nM for human SGLT2 and SGLT1, respectively. Henagliflozin can be used in diabetes research[1].
Calcitetrol(1α, 24, 25-Trihydroxy VD3) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups.IC50 value:Target: Calcitriol increases blood calcium levels ([Ca2+]) by promoting absorption of dietary calcium from the gastrointestinal tract and increasing renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, thus reducing the loss of calcium in the urine. Calcitriol also stimulates release of calcium from bone by its action on the specific type of bone cells referred to as osteoblasts, causing them to release RANKL, which in turn activates osteoclasts.
L-Cysteine 13C3,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans[1].
Xininurad (XNW3009) is a urate transporter (URAT) inhibitor[1]
Remogliflozin etabonate (GSK189075) is an orally active, selective and low-affinity sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor with Ki values of 1.95 μM, 2.14 μM, 43.1 μM, 8.57 μM for hSGLT2, rSGLT2, hSGLT1, rSGLT1, respectively. Remogliflozin etabonate is a prodrug based on benzylpyrazole glucoside and is metabolized to its active form, Remogliflozin, in the body. Remogliflozin etabonate exhibits antidiabetic efficacy in rodent models[1].
Complanatuside is a flavonoid found in the traditional Chinese medicine Semen Astragali Complanati.
AZD 4017 is a potent, selective 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 7 nM.
UAMC-3203 hydrochloride is a potent and selective Ferroptosis inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM[1].
DiaPep277 is a 24 amino acid peptide derived from positions 437-460 in HSP60. DiaPep277 arrests the progression of β-cell destruction in NOD mice. DiaPep277 has an immune modulatory effect on diabetogenic T cells in animal models of diabetes[1][2].
3,5-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)benzoic acid is an inhibitor of γ-secretase. 3,5-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)benzoic acid causes a decrease in the released levels of Aβ42 and notch-1 Aβ-like peptide 25 (Nβ25). 3,5-Bis(4-nitrophenoxy)benzoic acid, as a marker for fetal hypothyroidism, is a 3,3’-diiodothyronine sulfate (T2S) cross-reactive material in maternal serum[1].
IHMT-MST1-58 is a potent, selective mammalian and orally active STE20-like protein 1 kinase (MST1) inhibitor with IC50 value of 23 nM. IHMT-MST1-58 can be used for the research of Type 1/2 diabetes[1].
SR 16832 is a dual-site, covalent and allosteric antagonist of PPARγ, inhibits cellular allosteric activation of PPARγ by rosiglitazone; a useful, complementary chemical tools for researchers to use to simultaneously inhibit both orthosteric and allosteric ligand-induced cellular activation of PPARγ.
CGP-53353 (DAPH-7) is an potent PKC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.41 mM and 3.8 mM for PKCβII and PKCβI, respectively. CGP-53353 can inhibit glucose-induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in AoSMC and A10 cells. CGP-53353 can be used for researching atherosclerosis of diabetic patients[1].
4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone, isolated from the plant Angelica keiskei koidzumi, acts as a natural autophagy inducer with anti-ageing properties[1].
TUG-905 is a potent GPR40 agonist with an pEC50 value of 7.03. TUG-905 increases hypothalamic cell proliferation and survival. TUG-905 reduces body mass and increases the POMC mRNA expression[1][2].
MitoBloCK-6 is a potent Erv1/ALR inhibitor, with an IC50 of 900 nM and 700 nM, respectively. MitoBloCK-6 also inhibits Erv2 (IC50=1.4 μM). MitoBloCK-6 can induce apoptosis via cytochrome c release in hESCs[1].
5-Hydroxytryptophan, a tryptophan metabolite, is a direct 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor and an L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase substrate. [1][2][3].
L-Cysteine-3-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans[1].
Vitamin E, an essential nutrient for humans and animals reproduction, is a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Vitamin E can protect lipids against oxidative stress, and rescue the glutathione (GSH) depletion-induced hypersensitivity of cells to H2O2. Supplementation with Vitamin E increases its levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, as well as reduces Aβ levels, thus beneficially influences oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Vitamin E also has anti-aging effects[1][2][3][4].
CMPF can be found in trace constituent of urine and blood. CMPF is a biomarker of type 2 diabetes. CMPF can act on the β cell and induces impaired mitochondrial function. CMPF decreases glucose-induced ATP accumulation, and induces oxidative stress. CMPF reverses hepatic lipid accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice[1][2].
7-O-Geranylscopoletin is a coumarin from the root of Atalantia monophylla. Various parts of this plant have been used for folk medicine for several purposes such as the treatment of chronic rheumatism, paralysis, antispasmodic, stimulant and hemiplegia[1].
ATP disodium trihydrate (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium trihydrate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium trihydrate is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation[1][2].
ELX-02 sulfate (NB-124 sulfate) is an investigational, advanced synthetic eukaryotic ribosome selective glycoside (ERSG). ELX-02 sulfate is being developed as a therapy for genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations[1].