Thiodigalactoside (TDG) is an orally active and potent galectin (GAL) inhibitor with Kd values of 24 μM, 49 μM for GAL1 and GAL3, respectively[1]. Thiodigalactoside, a non-metabolizable disaccharide, has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. Thiodigalactoside dramatically reduces body weight gain in diet-induced obese rats[2].
Irbesartan (SR-47436) hydrochloride is an orally active Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). Irbesartan hydrochloride can relax the blood vessels, low blood pressure and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Irbesartan hydrochloride can be used for the research of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease[1].
Undecanedioic acid is associated with intercellular matrix macromolecules and specifically with elastin.
Ganomycin I is a dual inhibitor of α-Glucosidase and HMG-CoA reductase. Ganomycin I can also inhibits HIV protease. Ganomycin I exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-osteoclastogenesis effects[1][2].
HCGRP-(8-37) is a human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) fragment and also an antagonist of CGRP receptor. Sequence: Val-Thr-His-Arg-Leu-Ala-Gly-Leu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Ser-Gly-Gly-Val-Val-Lys-Asn-Asn-Phe-Val-Pro-Thr-Asn-Val-Gly-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe.
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid is an oxidation product of oleic acid. 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice[1].
UBX1325 is an Bcl-xL inhibitor that promotes apoptosis in senescent cells. UBX1325 is a potent anti-aging agent that can be used in studies of age-related eye diseases such as diabetic macular oedema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR)[1].
Dihydrocapsiate, as a compound of capsinoid family, is an orally active TRPV1 agonist. Dihydrocapsiate can be used for the research of metabolism disease[1].
AZD3988 is a diacylglycerol acyl transferase-1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 6, 5, 11 nM for human, rat, mouse, respectively[1].
Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 (compound 19a) is an orally active and potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.039 μM. Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 exhibits hypouricemic potency in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemia rats. Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 can be used for hyperuricemia and gout research[1].
Bicyclopyrone is an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (Hpd)[1].
4-Methylumbelliferyl oleate is a fluorogenic substrate for acid and alkaline lipases. 4-Methylumbelliferyl oleate is cleaved by lipases, liberating 4-Methylumbelliferyl (Ex/Em=320/450 nm)[1][2].
Chelerythrine is a natural alkaloid, acts as a potent and selective Ca2+/phospholopid-dependent PKC antagonist, with an IC50 of 0.7 μM[1]. Chelerythrine has antitumor, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity[2].
Denufosol tetrasodium (INS37217) is a long-acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, which exhibits an EC50 of ~10 μM for P2Y2 receptor activation[1].
mGAT3/4-IN-2 (compound 27b) is a potent mGAT3/mGAT4 inhibitor, with pIC50 values of 5.44 and 5.25, respectively[1].
NNC45-0781 is a tissue-selective estrogen partial-agonist.
4β-Hydroxywithanolide E, isolated from Physalis peruviana L., inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells through modulation of mitotic clonal expansion. 4β-Hydroxywithanolide E is an adipogenesis inhibitor and inhibits PPARγ, C/EBPα, and the adipocyte-specific molecule aP2 mRNA expression[1].
Tetrahydro-β-carboline (Tryptoline) is a metabolite of tryptamine, also is a competitive serotonin reuptake inhibitor with an Ki value of 6.1 µM[1].
Coumetarol is a vitamin K antagonist.
Tetracosanoyl-sulfatide is an endogenous metabolite present in Urine that can be used for the research of Mild Metachromatic Leukodystrophy[1][2].
Palmitoyl dipeptide-7 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient[1].
Pamidronate disodium, a bisphosphonate drug, can help to strengthen bones.Target: OthersPamidronate belongs to the family of medications known as bisphosphonates. It is used to treat hypercalcemia (high blood calcium) by people who have cancer. Pamidronate is also used to treat cancer that has spread to bones (bone metastases) due to different types of tumours and multiple myeloma (cancer of the bone marrow). Pamidronate is also used to treat the symptoms of Paget's disease of bone.
Phellamurin is a plant flavonone glycoside from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense and inhibits intestinal P-glycoprotein. Phellamurin also inhibits egg laying by Papilio protenor. Phellamurin induces cells apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].
S3969 is a potent and reversible activator of the human epithelial sodium channel (hENaC). The apparent EC50 for S3969 activation of hENaC is 1.2 μm[1].
Elastase from porcine pancreas is a single polypeptide chain of 240 amino acid residues. Elastase from porcine pancreas is a serine protease that can hydrolyze proteins and polypeptide. Elastase from porcine pancreas can induce emphysema in hamsters[1][2][3].
4β-hydroxy Cholesterol is a major oxysterol cholesterol metabolite and a precursor in the synthesis of bile acids that is found in human circulation[1].
6-O-Caffeoylarbutin (Robustaside B) possesses antioxidant activity[1].
L-Phenylalanine-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
11β-HSD1-IN-10 (compound c3a) is a potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (IC50=1.8 µM for human). 11β-HSD1-IN-10 can be used in studies of obesity, hyperglycemia and cognitive impairment[1].