TUG-424 is a potent and selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with an EC50 of 32 nM. TUG-424 significantly increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at 100 nM. TUG-424 may serve to explore the role of FFA1 in metabolic diseases such as diabetes or obesity[1].
α-Glucosidase-IN-8 (Compound 4k) is a competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.18 µg/mL[1].
Pro-xylane (Hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol) is a biologically active C-glycoside in aqueous media, acts as an activator of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) biosynthesis. Pro-xylane is the first example of 'Green' chemical used in cosmetic[1].
I3MT-3 (HMPSNE) is a potent, selective, and cell-membrane permeable inhibitor of 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) (IC50=2.7 μM) and is inactive for other H2S/sulfane sulfur-producing enzymes. I3MT-3 targets a persulfurated cysteine residue located in the active site of 3MST[1].
Hexadecanoate-13C16 potassium is the 13C-labeled Hexadecanoate sodium. Hexadecanoate-13C16 potassium can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
Acid phosphatase (ACP) is an enzyme that removes phosphate from other molecules during digestion. Acid phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester and H2O to alcohol and phosphoric acid[1].
Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (AMR-101) is an omega-3 fatty acid agent.
5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein present as an ectoenzyme. 5′-Nucleotidase catalyzes hydrolysis of 5-nucleotides to their corresponding nucleosides[1].
Disodium succinate is the disodium salt of Succinic acid. Succinic acid is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as one of fermentation products of anaerobic metabolism[1].
L-Methionine sulfoxide (H-Met(O)-OH), a metabolite of Methionine, induces M1/classical macrophage polarization, and modulates oxidative stress and purinergic signaling parameters[1].
Alfacalcidol-D6, a deuterated Alfacalcidol (1-hydroxycholecalciferol; Alpha D3; 1.alpha.-Hydroxyvitamin D3), is a non-selective VDR activator medication. IC50 value: Target: VDR activatorAlfacalcidol (1-hydroxycholecalciferol; Alpha D3; 1.alpha.-Hydroxyvitamin D3) improves mechanical bone strength and bone mass; suppresses osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo.
Momordicine I, a triterpenoid compound extracted from momordica charantia L. Momordicine I alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through suppression of PLA2G6 and DGK-ζ[1].
BTK-IN-5 is a covalent BTK inhibitor for treating medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, inflammation, and diabetes.
Agrimol B is a polyphenol derived from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, suppresses adipogenesis via inducing SIRT1 translocation and expression, and reducing PPARγ expression[1].
N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate, a histidine derivative, is a prominent biomolecule in brain, retina and lens of poikilothermic vertebrates. N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate has a role as an animal metabolite[1].
Bilirubin Conjugate disodium is a ditaurate derivative of Bilirubin. Bilirubin, a major end product of heme breakdown, is an important constituent of bile[1].
BMS-963272 is a potent, selective MGAT2 inhibitor (IC50 = 7.1 nM) for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
PCSK9 modulator-2 (Compound 1) is a potent modulator of PCSK9 with an EC50 value of 202 nM. PCSK9 is a recently validated target for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). PCSK9 modulator-2 has the potential for the research of hyperlipidemia[1].
5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine), an intermediate breakdown product of thymine, comes from animal or plants. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) can be toxic when present at abnormally high levels[1].
Mizagliflozin (DSP-3235, KGA-3235, GSK-1614235) is a potent, selective, orally active SGLT1 inhibitor with Ki of 27 nM, displays >350-fold selectivity over SGLT2; increases stool frequency and loosens stool consistency in phase I study; increases fecal wet weight in a dog model of loperamide-induced constipation and a rat model of low-fiber-diet-induced constipation, similar to lubiprostone. Diabetes Phase 1 Clinical
3-Deoxyglucosone (3-Deoxy-D-glucosone) is a reactive intermediate of the Maillard reaction and the polyol pathway. 3-Deoxyglucosone rapidly reacts with protein amino groups to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as imidazolone, it is the most specific AGE for 3-DG. 3-Deoxyglucosone synergizes with low glucose to potentiate GLP-1 secretion and is considered as a biomarker for diabetes[1][2][3].
Questinol is a palmitic acid that can be isolated from Talaromyces stipitatus. Questinol has signi?cant anti-obesity activity in zebra?sh larvae[1].
GSK2033 is a LXR antagonist with pIC50s of 7 and 7.4 for LXRα or LXRβ, respectively.
FR194738 is a squalene epoxidase inhibitor. FR194738 inhibits squalene epoxidase activity in HepG2 cell homogenates with an IC50 of 9.8 nM.
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) diammonium is a STING activator and a global bacterial second messenger, which regulates biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in diverse bacterial species[1][2].
Glucagon hydrochloride (Porcine glucagon hydrochloride) is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. Glucagon hydrochloride stimulates gluconeogenesis[1]. Glucagon hydrochloride decreases the activity of HNF-4[2]. Glucagon hydrochloride increases HNF4α phosphorylation[3].
Lovastatin-d3 hydroxy acid (Mevinolinic acid-d3) sodium is the deuterium labeled Lovastatin hydroxy acid sodium. Lovastatin hydroxy acid sodium (Mevinolinic acid sodium) is a highly potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.6 nM[1].
(S)-(+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol is a drug used formetabolic regulation. (S)-(+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol has the activity of inhibitinghuman P450 enzyme. (S)-(+) -n-3-benzylnirvanol can be used to study druginteractions during drug metabolism [1].
Ravulizumab (ALXN1210) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically binds with high affinity to the human complement protein C5. Ravulizumab can be used for the research of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and myasthenia gravis[1].
SAFit1 is a FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51)-specific inhibitor with a Ki of 4±0.3 nM[1][2].