Tetradecanedioic acid-d24 is the deuterium labeled Tetradecanedioic acid[1]. Tetradecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Tetradecanedioic acid can act as a candidate biomarker for organic anion-transporting polypeptide mediated drug-drug interactions[2].
β-Alanine-13C3,15N (2-Carboxyethylamine-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled β-Alanine. β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer.
A novel, potent, selective orally active CCK-2 receptor antagonist with pKi of 8.49 for hCCK2; displays >1200-fold selectivity over hCCK1 receptor; has oral EC50 of 1.5 and 0.26 uM in conscious rat and dog chronic gastric fistula models of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion, respectively; inhibits gastric acid secretion and prevents omeprazole-induced acid rebound in the rats.
Fumaric acid, associated with fumarase deficiency, is identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer causing metabolite.
Isosalvianolic acid C is a phenolic compound that can be found in Lavandula angustifolia Mill.. Isosalvianolic acid C can be used as antioxidant[1].
Torachrysone-8-O-b-D-glucoside could be isolated from root of Polygonum multiflorum. Torachrysone-8-O-b-D-glucoside increases the proliferation of DPCs (dermal papilla cells)[1].
Prepro-von Willebrand factor (641-650) (bovine) is a fragment of Prepro-von Willebrand factor, which binds to type I collagen[1].
Glucagon receptor antagonists-3 is a highly potent glucagon receptor antagonist.
Vildagliptin carboxylic acid metabolite (M20.7) TFA is a potent P450 enzyme activity inhibitor[1].
Nicotinamide riboside malate, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside malate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside malate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].
L-Ornithine L-aspartate is a stable salt of two natural nonessential L-amino acids: ornithine and aspartic acid. L-Ornithine L-aspartate lowers blood ammonia concentration and to eliminate symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy associated with liver cirrhosis[1].
Cytidine 5′-monophosphate-13C9,15N3 (5'-Cytidylic acid-13C9,15N3 dilithium; 5'-CMP-13C9,15N3) dilithium is 13C and 15N-labeled Cytidine 5'-monophosphate (HY-W009162). Cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-Cytidylic acid) is a nucleotide which is used as a monomer in RNA. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate consists of the nucleobase cytosine, the pentose sugar ribose, and the phosphate group.
Platycodin D is a saponin isolated from Platycodi Radix, acts as an activator of AMPKα, with anti-obesity property[1].
Trometamol hydrochloride (Tromethamine hydrochloride) is a biologically inert amino alcohol of low toxicity, which buffers carbon dioxide and acids in vitro and in vivo. Trometamol hydrochloride is an effective amine compound for pH control in the physiological range[1].
Hydroxocobalamin acetate is an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 with a favorable adverse effect profile, used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia[1][2].
KY-226 (KY226) is a potent, allosteric, orally active inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with IC50 of 0.28 uM (human PTP1B), does not exhibit PPARγ agonist activity; shows no effects on adipocyte differentiation in rodent preadipocytes at 10 uM, bot not the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone; increases the phosphorylated insulin receptor (pIR) produced by insulin in human hepatoma-derived cells (HepG2) at 0.310 uM, significantly reduces plasma glucose and triglyceride levels as well as hemoglobin A1c values without increasing body weight gain in db/db mice, exerts anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects by enhancing insulin and leptin signaling.
(Ser8)-GLP-1 (7-36) amide, human is a glucagon-like peptide 1 amide derived from glucagonogen, a cleavage product of the GLP-1 (1-36) amide peptide. (Ser8)-GLP-1 (7-36) amide, human is an entero-insulinotropic hormone that causes glucose-dependent release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells and affects gastrointestinal motility and secretion[1].
SB-435495 is a potent, orally active inhibitor of Lp-PLA2 with IC50 of 0.06 nM; inhibits the enzyme in whole human plasma with IC50 of 3 nM; shows little interaction with other CYP450 enzymes (CYP450 IC50: 1A2>100 mM, 2C9>100 uM, 2C19>40 uM, 2D6=37 uM); effectively suppresses BRB breakdown in streptozotocin-diabetic Brown Norway rats,. Atherosclerosis Phase 2 Discontinued
Witepsol is a selective lipid-based vehicle for use in drug delivery systems[1].
Thiamine nitrate is an essential vitamin which can enhance normal neuronal actives.
GPBAR-A is a specific agonist of the bile acid receptor GPBAR1. GPBAR-A can be used for the research of diabetes mellitus[1].
DDR2-IN-1 is potent DDR2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26 nM. DDR2-IN-1, compound 129, can be used for osteoarthritis research[1].
Isovaleric acid-d7 is the deuterium labeled Isovaleric acid[1]. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human[2].
A novel potent, orally active HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.22 uM for PHD2; increases EPO release from Hep3B cells with EC50 of 5.7 uM, increases hemoglobin levels in rats. Anemia Phase 2 Clinical
Campestanol is a phytosterol that can be found in plant food. Campestanol lowers serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Campestanol can be used for the research of metabolic disorders[1].
KRN5 is a Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) suppressor, with an IC50 of 750 nM.
GRK5-IN-2 (compound 707), a pyridine-based bicyclic compound, is a potent G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) inhibitor. GRK5-IN-2 regulates the expression and/or release of insulin and is useful for the metabolic disease research[1].
Myricetin 3-O-galactoside, isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis, inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, lipid peroxidation and scavenges the free radical. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside inhibits lipid peroxidation with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity[1].
Tiopronin is a prescription thiol drug used to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion in the disease cystinuria.Target: OthersTiopronin is used primarily for cystinuria and is well known in the cystinuric community. Depending on the severity of a person's cystinuria, tiopronin may be taken for life, possibly starting in early childhood. It may also be used for Wilson's disease (an overload of copper in the body), and certain types of rare arthritis, though tiopronin is not an anti-inflammatory. Tiopronin is also sometimes used as a stabilizing agent for metal nanoparticles. The thiol group binds to the nanoparticles, preventing coagulation [1, 2].
DL-Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine and homocysteine is recognized as an important substance in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia.