Anti-infectives are drugs that can either kill an infectious agent or inhibit it from spreading. Anti-infectives include antibiotics and antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals and antiprotozoals.

Antibiotics specifically treat infections caused by bacteria, most commonly used types of antibiotics are: Aminoglycosides, Penicillins, Fluoroquinolones, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, and Tetracyclines. New other approaches such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antibacterial peptides have been considered as alternatives to kill bacteria.

The high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are associated with the current limited antifungal arsenal and the high toxicity of the compounds. The most common antifungal targets include fungal RNA synthesis and cell wall and membrane components, though new antifungal targets are being investigated.

Viral infections occur when viruses enter cells in the body and begin reproducing, often causing illness. Viruses are classified as DNA viruses or RNA viruses, RNA viruses include retroviruses, such as HIV, are prone to mutate. The currently available antiviral drugs target 4 main groups of viruses: herpes, hepatitis, HIV and influenza viruses. Drug resistance in the clinical utility of antiviral drugs has raised an urgent need for developing new antiviral drugs.

Antiprotozoal drugs are medicines that treat infections caused by protozoa. Of which, malaria remains a major world health problem following the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to the majority of antimalarial drugs. At present, antimalarial discovery approaches have been studied, such as the discovery of antimalarials from natural sources, chemical modifications of existing antimalarials, the development of hybrid compounds, testing of commercially available drugs that have been approved for human use for other diseases and molecular modelling using virtual screening technology and docking.

References:
[1] Scorzoni L, et al. Front Microbiol. 2017 Jan 23;8:36.
[2] Dehghan Esmatabadi MJ, et al. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 Feb 28;63(2):40-48.
[3] Raymund R, et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Oct; 86(10):1009-1026.
[4] Aguiar AC, et al. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012 Nov;107(7):831-45.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
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Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
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Sodium 4-(butoxycarbonyl)phenolate

Butylparaben sodium strongly influences the later stages of the spermatogenesis in the testis through the deterioration of hormonal control and/or RNA and protein synthesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 36457-20-2
  • MF: C11H13NaO3
  • MW: 216.209
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.13g/mL
  • Boiling Point: 309.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 129.2ºC

Rhamnolipid RL2

Rhamnolipid RL2, is a rhamnolipid, shows antifungal activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 4348-76-9
  • MF: C32H58O13
  • MW: 650.79500
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.23g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 798.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 243.4ºC

Caerulomycin A

Caerulomycin A (Cerulomycin; Caerulomycin), an antifungal compound, induces generation of T cells, enhances TGF-β-Smad3 protein signaling via suppressing interferon-γ-induced STAT1 signaling. Antifungal and antibiotic activity, and used in autoimmune diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 21802-37-9
  • MF: C12H11N3O2
  • MW: 229.23500
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.23g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 400.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 195.9ºC

JE-2147

JE-2147 (AG1776) is a potent dipeptide protease inhibitor with a Ki of 0.33 nM for HIV-1 protease. JE-2147 has effective activities against a wide spectrum of HIV-1, HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus, and various clinical HIV-1 strains in vitro[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 186538-00-1
  • MF: C32H37N3O5S
  • MW: 575.71800
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.258g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 861.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 474.8ºC

HCV-IN-39

HCV-IN-39 (Compound 18a) is a potent hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleoside inhibitor with EC50 values of 0.644, 0.952 and 0.154 μM against GT1a, GT1b and GT1b CES1 replicons[1].

  • CAS Number: 2087916-31-0
  • MF: C21H26BrClN3O9P
  • MW: 610.78
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GSK3036656

GSK3036656 (GSK070) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of M. tuberculosis leucyl-tRNA synthetase, with an IC50 of 0.20 μM. GSK3036656 can be used for the research of tuberculosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2131798-12-2
  • MF: C10H13BClNO4
  • MW: 257.48
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HCV-796 (Nesbuvir)

Nesbuvir is a nonnucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) polymerase.

  • CAS Number: 691852-58-1
  • MF: C22H23FN2O5S
  • MW: 446.49200
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tuberculosis inhibitor 7

Tuberculosis inhibitor 7 (compound 2d) is a 3-methoxy-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivative that shows highly active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC90 of 0.63 μM) and Mycobacterium marinum (MIC90 of 0.63 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 121041-20-1
  • MF: C21H18FN3O2S
  • MW: 395.45
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cyclophilin inhibitor 3

Cyclophilin inhibitor 3 (compound 7c) is a potent cyclophilin A (CypA) inhibitor with an potent anti-HCV activity (EC50 of 4.2 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1676100-30-3
  • MF: C34H38N4O6
  • MW: 598.69
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

kievitone

Kievitone, an isoflavanone, could be isolated from hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. infected with Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Kievitone has antifungal activity and antitumor activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 40105-60-0
  • MF: C20H20O6
  • MW: 356.36900
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.384g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 639.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 231.4ºC

Corynoxidine

(-)-Corynoxidine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 89.0 μM, isolated from the aerial parts of Corydalis speciosa[1].(-)-Corynoxidine exhibits antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains in different degrees[2].

  • CAS Number: 57906-85-1
  • MF: C21H25NO5
  • MW: 371.42700
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aloin

Aloin (mixture of A&B) is anthraquinone derivative isolated from Aloe vera. Aloin (mixture of A&B) has diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, immunity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Aloin (mixture of A&B) also an effective inhibitor of stimulated granulocyte matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 8015-61-0
  • MF: C21H22O9
  • MW: 418.394
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 752.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 268.0±26.4 °C

Morin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside

Morin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural flavonoid with antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Morin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits reverse transcriptase, protein-tyrosine kinase and xanthine oxidase, and also shows anti-HIV, antiarteriosclerotic, and superoxide scavenging activities[1].

  • Density: 1.87±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 875.2±65.0 °C
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tryglysin B

Tryglysin B is an antimicrobial peptide inhibits the growth of other streptococci[1].

  • CAS Number: 2788817-93-4
  • MF: C37H54N12O9S
  • MW: 842.96
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(2R)-Pinocembrin

(-)-Pinocembrin exhibits anti-mycobacterium activity against mycobacteriuum tuberculosis H37Ra with an IC50 value of 1.11 mg/mL in dormant phase and 1.21 mg/mL in active phase, respectively. (-)-Pinocembrin has potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.88-11.00 mg/mL against THP-1, A549, Panc-1, HeLa and MCF7 cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 206660-42-6
  • MF: C15H12O4
  • MW: 256.25300
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ZANAMIVIR HYDRATE

Zanamivir hydrate (5:1) is the hydrate of Zanamivir. Zanamivir is an influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.95 nM and 2.7 nM for influenza A and B, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 171094-50-1
  • MF: C12H22N4O8
  • MW: 350.325
  • Catalog: Influenza Virus
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HSV-1-amide UL 26 Open Reading Frame (242-255)

HSV-1 Protease substrate is a peptide substrate for HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1) protease, and the specificity constant (kcat/Km) at pH 7.5 for cleavage is 5.2 M-1 s-1[1].

  • CAS Number: 396716-24-8
  • MF: C80H117N21O20S
  • MW: 1724.979
  • Catalog: HSV
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 2091.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 1218.9±34.3 °C

Antibacterial agent 58

Antibacterial agent 58, an antibacterial agent, significantly lowers MIC value of antibacterial agent Ceftazidime[1].

  • CAS Number: 1426572-65-7
  • MF: C8H11N6NaO5S
  • MW: 326.26
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Surfen

Surfen dihydrochloride is a potent HS (heparan sulfate) antagonist. Surfen binds to glycosaminoglycans. Surfen neutralizes the anticoagulant activity of both unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins. Surfen affects sulfation of heparin and inhibits degradation by heparin lyases. Surfen inhibits FGF2 binding and signaling. Surfen inhibits cell attachment, and virus infection[1].

  • CAS Number: 5424-37-3
  • MF: C21H22Cl2N6O
  • MW: 445.34
  • Catalog: HSV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 587.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 308.9ºC

Niazinin

Niazinin is a thiocarbamate glycoside with antileishmanial activities, with an IC50 value of 5.25 μM. Niazinin also shows a binding affinity with the target protein 3CL protease. Niazinin has promising leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 147821-57-6
  • MF: C15H21NO6S
  • MW: 343.395
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

C18G

C18G is a biological active peptide. (C18G is a synthetic α-helical peptide derived from human platelet factor IV. This peptide was found to be antibacterial and is active against Salmonella.)

  • CAS Number: 138555-82-5
  • MF: C98H179N25O21
  • MW: 2043.62
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

H-Arg-Trp-OH hydrochloride salt

Arg-Trp is a dipeptide composed of arginine and tryptophan, and analogues of Arg-Trp-octyl ester show antibacterial activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 25615-38-7
  • MF: C17H24N6O3
  • MW: 360.41
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LL-37 GKE trifluoroacetate salt

LL-37 GKE is an active domain of LL-37. LL-37 GKE has antibacterial activity and has potential applications in antibiotics[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 913736-92-2
  • MF: C119H202N38O28
  • MW: 2613.11
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antistaphylococcal agent 3

Antistaphylococcal agent 3 is an antistaphylococcal therapeutic agent.

  • CAS Number: 2350182-65-7
  • MF: C25H19N5O3
  • MW: 437.45
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bromperidol hydrochloride

Bromperidol hydrochloride (R-11333 hydrochloride) possesses antipsychotic activity, with a high affinity for central dopamine receptors D2. Bromperidol hydrochloride can kill mycobacteria in a synergistic manner with Spectinomycin[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 59453-24-6
  • MF: C21H24BrClFNO2
  • MW: 456.78
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TH 1020

TH1020 is a potent and selective toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)/flagellin complex antagonist with an IC50 of 0.85 μM. TH1020 inhbits flagellin-induced TLR5 signaling. TH1020 is inactive against TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8[1].

  • CAS Number: 1841460-82-9
  • MF: C23H15N7S2
  • MW: 453.54
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aculene D

Aculene D, a fungal metabolite, shows quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, and could significantly reduce violacein production in N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) induced C. violaceum CV026 cultures at sub-inhibitory concentrations[1].

  • CAS Number: 2043948-38-3
  • MF: C14H20O2
  • MW: 220.31
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-24

Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-24 is a potent cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) inhibitor (CN112876510A, DSC1103)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2649000-32-6
  • MF: C34H40F2N3O8PS
  • MW: 719.73
  • Catalog: Influenza Virus
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isopropylparaben

Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (Isopropylparaben) is an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent[1].

  • CAS Number: 4191-73-5
  • MF: C10H12O3
  • MW: 180.20
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 286.9±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 84-86°C
  • Flash Point: 120.4±12.6 °C

Radezolid

Radezolid is a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic agent.

  • CAS Number: 869884-78-6
  • MF: C22H23FN6O3
  • MW: 438.455
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 712.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 384.7±32.9 °C