Morphothiadin is a potent inhibitor on the replication of both wild-type and adefovir-resistant HBV with an IC50 of 12 nM.
Fexinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole drug currently in clinical development for the treatment of human sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis [HAT]), caused by infection with species of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Target: Antiparasiticin vivo: Fexinidazole shows dose-related efficacy in the T. b. rhodesiense (STIB900) acute mouse model at intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 20 to 50 mg/kg/day and oral (per os [p.o.]) doses of 25 to 100 mg/kg/day given on four consecutive days, with 100 mg/kg/day p.o. being 100% curative. Fexinidazole is shown to be effective in the GVR35 mouse model, which mimics the advanced and fatal stage of the disease, when parasites have disseminated into the brain. [1]
Leronlimab (PRO 140) is a humanized IgG4 anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibody. Leronlimab inhibits CCR5-mediated HIV-1 viral and lung metastasis in mouse tumor models. Leronlimab can be used for the research of HIV nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cancer[1].
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic for the treatment of multiple cancers. The possible mechanisms by which doxorubicin acts in the cancer cell are intercalation into DNA and disruption of topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair.
Alterlactone is an antimicrobial. Alterlactone shows broad antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal. Alterlactone has strong radical scavenging activity[1].
Anisocoumarin H is a coumarin that exhibits antifungal activity. Anisocoumarin H shows the activities against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with MICs of 62.5 µg/mL[1].
2'-Deoxy-L-adenosine is an orally active synthon for modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides. 2'-Deoxy-L-adenosine is a potent, specific and selective inhibitor of the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) as well as the closely related duck and woodchuck hepatitis viruses (WHV)[1].
Inarigivir soproxil is an agonist of innate immunity and shows potent antiviral activity against resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) variants, with EC50s of 2.2 and 1.0 μM for HCV 1a/1b in cells of genotype 1 HCV replicon systems.
Cinnamycin is tetracyclic lantibiotic produced from S. cinnamoneus that contains four unusual amino acids: erythro-β-hydroxyaspartic acid, mesolanthionine, threo-β-methyllanthionine, and lysinoalanine.1 Cinnamycin has demonstrated antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 KOS strain infection in Vero cells via a cytopathic effect reduction assay. Cinnamycin recognizes the structure of phosphatidylethanolamine and forms an equimolar complex with the phospholipid on biological membranes. This peptide has been used as a probe for analyzing the transbilayer movement of phosphatidylethanolamine.
PAβN dihydrochloride (MC-207110 dihydrochloride) is an efflux pump inhibitor.
Antimycobacterial agent-1 (compound 33) has selectively antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) H37Ra with a MIC value of 1 μg/ml. Antimycobacterial agent-1 has relatively low cytotoxicity in normal cells (Vero cells IC50 = 143.2 μg/ml)[1].
Cefroxadine (CGP 9000) is an orally active cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefroxadine is more effective than cephalexin against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC values of 3.13 and 1.56 μg/mL respectively with a concentration of 106 μg/mL. Cefroxadine can be used for the research of infection[1].
trans-ccc_R08 (compound 1-B) is a potent cccDNA (covalently closed circular DMA) inhibitor. trans-ccc_R08 inhibits HBeAg level with an IC50 value of 0.08 µM. trans-ccc_R08 has the potential for the research of Hepatitis B Virus infection (HBV)[1].
Corymbosin is a glucoside. Corymbosin can be isolated from the aerial parts of Ballota glandulosissima. Corymbosin also has antifungal flavonoid activity[1][2].
BDM91270 (compound 29) is an E. coli AcrAB-TolC efflux pump inhibitor with an EC90 of 0.6 μM for wild-type E. coli AcrB. BDM91270 can be used in the study of Escherichia coli drug resistance[1].
Blasticidin S hydrochloride is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes. Blasticidin S is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells[1].
Mezlocillin sodium is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. It is active against both Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria.Target: AntibacterialMezlocillin sodium is penicillin antibiotic, prescribed for certain types of bacterial infections.
Chlordantoin is an antifungal drug which can be used to treat vaginal candidiasis.
Cefoperazone sodium salt is a cephalosporin antibiotic for inhibition of rMrp2-mediated [3H]E217βG uptake with IC50 of 199 μM.Target: AntibacterialCefoperazone is a sterile, semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic for intravenous or intramuscular administration. After intravenous administration of 2 g of Cefoperazone, levels in serum rang from 202μg/mL to 375 μg/mL depending on the period of drug administration. After intramuscular injection of 2 g of Cefoperazone, the mean peak serum level is 111 μg/mL at 1.5 hours. At 12 hours after dosing, mean serum levels are still 2 to 4 μg/mL. Cefoperazone is 90% bound to serum proteins.
BRD3308 is a potent, selective HDAC3 inhibitor with IC50 of 54 nM, displays >20-fold selectivity over HDAC1 and HDAC2, >500-fold selectivity over other HDAC isoforms; attenuates PE-mediated phosphorylation of ERK, but not JNK; also activates HIV-1 transcription in the 2D10 cell line, induces outgrowth of HIV-1 from resting CD4+ T cells isolated from antiretroviral-treated, aviremic HIV+ patients ex vivo and disrupts HIV-1 latency; suppresses pancreatic β-cell apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines or glucolipotoxic stress, and increases functional insulin release.
Thalrugosaminine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the roots of Thalictrum minus. Thalrugosaminine shows good antibacterial activity with MIC values of 64-128 µg/ml[1].
Trovafloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1[1][2][3].
AMD-070 is a potent, selective and orally available CXCR4 antagonist, with an IC50 value of 13 nM against CXCR4 125I-SDF binding, and also inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells and PBMCs with an IC50 of 1 and 9 nM, respectively.
Dimethomorph is a morpholine fungicide that inhibits fungal cell wall formation. Dimethomorph inhibits mycelial growth of the oomycete fungi P. citrophthora, P. parasitica, P. capsici, and P. infestans (EC50s=0.14 µg/mL, 0.38 µg/mL, <0.1 µg/mL, and 0.16-0.3 µg/mL, respectively) but is less active against the green algae species C. vulgaris or S. obliquus in vitro (EC50s=47.46 µg/mL and 44.87 µg/mL, respectively). Dimethomorph inhibits androgen receptor (AR) activity in a reporter assay in MDA-kb2 human breast cancer cells but not in a yeast antiandrogen screen (IC20s=0.263 µM and 38.5 µM, respectively).
Enoxaparin (PK 10169), a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) derivative. Enoxaparin exerts anticoagulant activity through antithrombin III, an endogenous inhibitor of factor Xa and thrombin IIa. Enoxaparin protect the rat hippocampus against TBI (traumatic brain injury) via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Enoxaparin can be used for the research of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, TBI and COVID-19[1][2][3].
Cefepime Dihydrochloride Monohydrate is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with enhanced coverage against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Target: AntibacterialCefepime is an extended-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic active in vitro against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Cefepime dosing was 1-4 g/day (0.5-2.0 g twice daily) for adults; ceftazidime dosing was 1-6 g/day (0.5 g every 12 hours to 2.0 g every 8 hours). A limited number of cefepime-treated patients received 2 g every 8 hours. The median length of dosing for both cefepime and ceftazidime was 7 days [1]. Cefepime has a decreased propensity to induce beta-lactamases compared with other beta-lactam antibiotics. Cefepime has a pharmacokinetic disposition similar to that of other renally eliminated cephalosporins, with a half-life of approximately 2 hours. Cefepime has demonstrated clinical efficacy against a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and skin and skin structure infections. Cefepime is generally well tolerated [2].
Isavuconazonium sulfate (BAL8557-002), the prodrug of the active triazole Isavuconazole, is an orally active antifungal agent. Isavuconazonium sulfate is used for invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis[1][2].
Antibacterial agent 83 (compound 17h) displays potent antibacterial activity against various vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibacterial agent 83 can significantly reduce the biofilm formation of MRSA and exhibited promising selectivity. Antibacterial agent 83 is metabolically stable in human liver microsomes[1].
Antibiotic A-338533, an antibiotic, can be isolated from Streptomyces strain. Antibiotic A-338533 has anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum with MIC values of 2 μg/mL and ≤1.56 μg/mL, respectively[1].
RSV/IAV-IN-1 (compound 14e) is a potent and dual inhibitor of RSV/IAV. RSV/IAV-IN-1 has lesser cytotoxicity than the clinical drug, Ribavirin. RSV/IAV-IN-1 has the potential for the research of RSV and/or IAV infections[1].