Mytoxin B is an ADC cytotoxin. Mytoxin B is a satratoxin-type trichothecene macrolide and is similar to the effect of LY294002 (HY-10108). Mytoxin B induces cell apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway[1].
Bacopaside II, an extract from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri, blocks the Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel and impairs migration of cells that express AQP1. Bacopaside II induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[1][2].
6,8-Diprenylorobol, a prenylated isoflavone, is a nature product that could be isolated from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata. 6,8-Diprenylorobol antiproliferative effect and induces apoptosis through activation of p53 and generation of ROS[1][2].
T-1101 tosylate (TAI-95 tosylate) is a Hec1/Nek2 (Highly expressed in cancer 1 / NIMA-related kinase 2) inhibitor with antitumor activity. T-1101 tosylate is inactive toward normal cells, kinases and hERG[1]
Neoxanthin is a major xanthophyll carotenoid and a precursor of the plant hormone abscisic acid in dark green leafy vegetables. Neoxanthin is a potent antioxidant and light-harvesting pigment. Neoxanthin induces apoptosis and has anticancer actions[1][2].
Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties[1][2].
Tomentosin is a antiphlogistic sesquiterpene lactone that can be isolated from Inula falconeri.Tomentosin induces Apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells[1].
Afatinib (BIBW 2992) oxalate is an orally active, potent and irreversible dual specificity inhibitor of ErbB family (EGFR and HER2), with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2, respectively. Afatinib oxalate can be used for the research of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer[1][2][3][4].
SHP2-IN-8 is a highly potent, selective, and cellularly active allosteric SHP2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 23 nM and Ki of 22 nM. SHP2-IN-8 is reversible and noncompetitive. SHP2-IN-8 causes a significant thermal shift with the ΔTm of 7.01 ℃. SHP2-IN-8 induces the apoptosis and inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT in Hela cells[1].
SU11652 is a potent receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. SU11652 also inhibits several members of the split kinase family of RTKs, including VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and Kit. SU11652 can be uesd for spontaneous cancers expressing Kit mutations research[1].
MC2590 is a potent pyridine-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. MC2590 is a inhibitor of HDAC1-3, −6, −8, and −10 (class I/IIb-selective inhibitor) with ic50 of 0.098 μM, 0.156 μM, 0.039 μM, 0.015 μM, 0.047 μM, 0.071 μM, respectively. MC2590 also inhibits HDAC isoforms HDAC4 (IC50=2.73 μM), HDAC5 (IC50=1.35 μM), HDAC7 (IC50=2.06 μM), HDAC9 (IC50=2.79 μM), HDAC11 (IC50=3.98 μM). MC2625 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and modulates pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs towards apoptosis induction[1].
Didocosahexaenoin, an omega-3 derivative, is a diglyceride of DHA and can be synthesised from DHA triglycerides. Didocosahexaenoin causes significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induces ROS production. Didocosahexaenoin induces stronger cytotoxicity than DHA in human prostate carcinoma cells[1].
Anticancer agent 120 (compound 21) is an N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivative, which has certain antibacterial activity and induces ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis[1].
IDO1/TDO-IN-1 (30) is a potent dual IDO1 (uncompetitive, Ki of 0.23 μM) and TDO (competitive, Ki of 0.73 μM) inhibitor. IDO1/TDO-IN-1 (30) significantly promotes cell apoptosis through the potential mitochondria-mediated Bcl-2/Bax pathway[1].
CUR61414 is a novel, potent and cell permeable Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor (IC50 =100-200 nM). CUR61414 is a small-molecule aminoproline class compound and selectively binds to smoothened (Smo) with a Ki value of 44 nM. CUR-61414 can induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting neighboring non-tumor cells[1][2].
Neoechinulin A is an isoprenyl indole alkaloid that exhibits scavenging, neurotrophic factor-like, and anti-apoptotic activities. Neoechinulin A induces memory improvements and antidepressant-like effects in mice[1][2].
Astragaloside A is one of the major active constituents of Astragalus membranaceus in Traditional Chinese Medicine; has been widely used to treat ischemic diseases.IC50 value: Target: in vitro: AS-IV treatment promotes umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and tube formation. AS-IV treatment also activates JAK2/STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production [1]. Administration of astragaloside IV (16, 32, and 64 μM) 1 h prior to lipopolysaccharide stimulation dose-dependently attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by lipopolysaccharide. Further studies demonstrated that astragaloside IV inhibited the increment of the resting intracellular free Ca2+, and its effect was similar to verapamil [2]. ASI could inhibit cells apoptosis induced by high glucose (25mmol/L) in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. ASI also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of TGF-β1 and activation of p38 MAPK pathway at the protein level. Furthermore, ASI increased HGF production in human tubular epithelial cells [3].in vivo: the growth of tumor was suppressed by AS-IV treatment in vivo. AS-IV also could down-regulate regulatory T cells (Tregs) and up-regulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vivo and in vitro[4]. As an in vivo model, mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were administered AS-IV (20 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. AS-IV significantly alleviated renal mass loss and reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen IV both in vitro and in vivo [5].
Chrysotoxine is a dual inhibitor of Src/Akt. Chrysotoxine suppresses cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotypes by down-regulating Src/Akt signaling. Chrysotoxine reduces cell viability and increases apoptosis level in H460 and H23 cells instead of non-tumor cell lines. Chrysotoxine shows rapid excretion and low bioavailability in rats. Chrysotoxine is used in cancer research[1][2].
BC-1258, an F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2 (FBXL2) activator, can stabilize and upregulate FBXL2 levels. BC-1258 induces apoptosis of tumorigenic cells, and profoundly inhibits tumor formation in mice[1].
Meisoindigo(Natura-α; N-Methylisoindigotin; Dian III), a derivative of Indigo naturalis, might induce apoptosis and myeloid differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).IC50 value:Target: apoptosis inducerin vitro: Meisoindigo inhibited the growth of leukemic cells by inducing marked apoptosis and moderate cell-cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase. It down-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and up-regulated pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax and cell-cycle related proteins, p21and p27. Furthermore, it induced myeloid differentiation, as demonstrated by morphologic changes, up-regulation of CD11b, and increased nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in all cell lines tested. In addition, meisoindigo down-regulated the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and enhanced the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, cytarabine and idarubicin. As with the results from cell lines, meisoindigo also induced apoptosis, up-regulated p21 and p27, and down-regulated Bcl-2 in primary AML cells [1]. meisoindigo effectively inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation (IC(50) 4.3 mmol/L), arrests HT-29 cells in G2/ M phase and induces HT-29 cell apoptosis. The downstream genes and proteins of GSK-3beta(ser(9)) expression level decrease [2].in vivo: The in vivo anti-leukemic activity of meisoindigo was also demonstrated by decreased spleen size in a dose-dependent manner [1]. Meisoindigo significantly inhibits the HT-29 xenograft tumors growth at the dose of 100 mg/kg. The mechanism of meisoindigo activity against HT-29 cells may be related to its inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, GSK-3beta(ser(9)) phosphorylation in Wnt signaling pathway [2].
(rel)-Oxaliplatin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. (rel)-Oxaliplatin causes DNA crosslinking damage, prevents DNA replication and transcription and induces apoptosis. (rel)-Oxaliplatin can be used for cancer research[1][2][3].
CX-5011 is a CK2 inhibitor. CX-5011 also induces Rac1 activation. CX-5011 induces apoptosis and induces cancer cell death[1][2].
AZA1 is a potent dual inhibitor of Rac1 and Cdc42. AZA1 induces prostate cancer cells apoptosis and inhibits prostate cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion[1][2].
Neochamaejasmine A is a biflavonoid that can be isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L.. Neochamaejasmine A inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and Apoptosis in tumor cells. Neochamaejasmine A can be used in the research of cancers such as prostate cancer, hepatoma cancer[1][2].
ROS-generating agent 1 (Compound 2c) covalently modifies the Sec-498 residue of TrxR to generate ROS. ROS-generating agent 1 reduces intracellular TrxR protein level. ROS-generating agent 1 results in ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis of NCI-H460 cells. ROS-generating agent 1 has anti-cancer activities[1].
EP12 is a c-Myc inhibitor. EP12 is a c-Myc G4 stabilizer. EP12 induces apoptosis and DNA damage in multiple myeloma cells. EP12 disrupts the nuclear translocation of P65/P50 by interfering with the NF-κB signaling pathway. EP12 inhibits multiple myeloma growth[1].
E64FC26 is a highly potent pan-style inhibitor of Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) with IC50 of 1.9 uM (PDIA1), also inhibits all other members of the PDI family, including PDIA3, PDIA4, TXNDC5, and PDIA6; induces robust ER stress response in MM cells, with expression of ER stress markers ATF4 and CHOP; induces an oxidative stress response in a panel of heterogeneous PI sensitive and resistant cell lines that was characterized by the induction of Nrf2, synergistically enhances the anti-MM cytotoxic effects of PIs; improves survival and enhanced the activity of bortezomib without any adverse effects.
3,6-Dihydroxyflavone is an anti-cancer agent. 3,6-Dihydroxyflavone dose- and time-dependently decreases cell viability and induces apoptosis by activating caspase cascade, cleaving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). 3,6-Dihydroxyflavone increases intracellular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation[1].
Nitidine chloride, a potential anti-malarial lead compound derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb) DC, exerts potent anticancer activity through diverse pathways, including inducing apoptosis, inhibiting STAT3 signaling cascade, DNA topoisomerase 1 and 2A, ERK and c-Src/FAK associated signaling pathway. Nitidine chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production via MAPK and NF-kB pathway[1][2][3][4][5][6].
SKLB0565 is a potent tubulin inhibitor. SKLB0565 shows significant anti-proliferative activity against CRC (colorectal carcinoma) cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.012 μM to 0.081 μM. SKLB0565 causes G2/M phase arrest and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. SKLB0565 inhibits cell migration and disrupted the tube formation of HUVECs[1].