G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


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ARS-2102

ARS-2102 is a potent covalent KRAS G12C inhibitor for use in cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2098509-21-6
  • MF: C28H31ClF2N6O2
  • MW: 557.03
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ly 272015 hydrochloride

LY-272015 hydrochloride is an orally active, specific 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. LY-272015 hydrochloride completely inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK2 induced by 5-HT or BW723C86. LY-272015 hydrochloride is antihypertensive in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-salt-hypertensive rats[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 172895-15-7
  • MF: C21H25ClN2O2
  • MW: 372.88800
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vabicaserin hydrochloride (SCA 136)

Vabicaserin hydrochloride is a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C) receptor-selective agonist with an EC50 of 8 nM.

  • CAS Number: 887258-94-8
  • MF: C15H21ClN2
  • MW: 264.79
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU 0285683

VU0285683 is a selective mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM). VU0285683 has anxiolytic-like activity in rodent models for anxiety[1].

  • CAS Number: 327056-22-4
  • MF: C14H7FN4O
  • MW: 266.23000
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nociceptin(1-7)(Orphanin FQ(1-7))

Nociceptin (1-7) is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 178249-42-8
  • MF: C31H41N7O9
  • MW: 655.69900
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carbetocin Acetate

Carbetocin (Lonactene; Duratocin) is an obstetric drug used to control postpartum hemorrhage and bleeding after giving birth; an agonist at peripheral oxytocin receptors.

  • CAS Number: 37025-55-1
  • MF: C45H69N11O12S
  • MW: 988.161
  • Catalog: Oxytocin Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1477.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 847.6±34.3 °C

(Z)-Thiothixene

(Z)-Thiothixene is an antagonist of serotonergic receptor extracted from patent US 20150141345 A1.

  • CAS Number: 3313-26-6
  • MF: C23H29N3O2S2
  • MW: 443.62500
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.269 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 599ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 114-118ºC
  • Flash Point: 316.1ºC

GPR120 Agonist 2

GPR120 Agonist 2 is a GPR120 agonist extracted from patent US 20110313003 A1, example 209.

  • CAS Number: 1234844-11-1
  • MF: C22H25ClO4
  • MW: 388.88
  • Catalog: GPR120
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sotalol D6 hydrochloride

Sotalol D6 hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Sotalol hydrochloride. Sotalol hydrochloride is a non-selective competitive β-adrenergic receptor antagonist that also exhibits Class III antiarrhythmic properties by its inhibition of potassium channels[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1246820-85-8
  • MF: C12H15D6ClN2O3S
  • MW: 314.862
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isoprenaline hydrochloride

Isoprenaline hydrochloride is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities.

  • CAS Number: 51-30-9
  • MF: C11H18ClNO3
  • MW: 247.719
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.324 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 417.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 165-175 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 179.7ºC

(-)-GSK598809 hydrochloride

(-)-GSK598809 is an isomer of GSK598809. GSK598809 is a potent and selective dopamine D3 Receptor (DRD3) antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 863766-31-8
  • MF: C22H24ClF4N5OS
  • MW: 517.97
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

[Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y (porcine)

[Leu31,Pro34]- Neuropeptide Y (porcine), a Neuropeptide Y (NPY) analog, is a selective NPY Y1 receptor agonist. [Leu31,Pro34]- Neuropeptide Y (porcine) exhibits anxiolytic effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 125580-28-1
  • MF: C190H286N54O56
  • MW: 4222.63
  • Catalog: Neuropeptide Y Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride dihydrate

Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride dihydrate is a potent, high selective and ATP-competitive Syk inhibitor with an IC50 of 41 nM. Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride dihydrate inhibits 5-HT release from RBL-cells with an IC50 of 460 nM. Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride dihydrate shows less potent against other kinases and has anti-allergic effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 1965323-05-0
  • MF: C14H21Cl2F3N6O3
  • MW: 449.26
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(Rac)-Levomepromazine-d3 hydrochloride

(Rac)-Levomepromazine-d3 ((Rac)-Methotrimeprazine-d3) hydrochloride is a labelled racemic Methotrimeprazine, which is a phenothiazine which has antagonist actions at multiple neurotransmitter receptor sites, including dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonin and histamine receptors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1216745-60-6
  • MF: C19H22D3ClN2OS
  • MW: 367.95
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Metorphamide

Adrenorphin is a opioid octapeptide, acting as a potent agonist of μ-opioid receptor, with Ki of 12 nM.

  • CAS Number: 88377-68-8
  • MF: C44H69N15O9S
  • MW: 984.17900
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.42g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N-BENZYLNALTRINDOLE HYDROCHLORIDE

N-Benzylnaltrindole hydrochloride is a potent δ2-selective opioid receptor antagonist. Benzylnaltrindole hydrochloride has a long duration of action in vivo than Naltriben (NTB). N-Benzylnaltrindole hydrochloride iserve as a useful tool in the pharmacologic characterization of δ-opioid receptor function[1].

  • CAS Number: 1206487-81-1
  • MF: C33H33ClN2O3
  • MW: 541.08
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt

Dexamethasone phosphate disodium is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.

  • CAS Number: 2392-39-4
  • MF: C22H28FNa2O8P
  • MW: 516.405
  • Catalog: Glucocorticoid Receptor
  • Density: 1.32g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 669.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 233-235 °C
  • Flash Point: 358.7ºC

lex

Selexipag (NS-304) is an orally available and potent agonist for the Prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor (IP receptor).

  • CAS Number: 475086-01-2
  • MF: C26H32N4O4S
  • MW: 496.622
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MA 2029

MA-2029 is a selective, orally active, and competitive motilin receptor antagonist (IC50=4.9 nM). MA-2029 is selective for the motilin receptor over various other receptors and ion channels. MA-2029 may be useful for gastrointestinal disorders associated with disturbed gastrointestinal motility[1].

  • CAS Number: 287206-61-5
  • MF: C31H45FN4O4
  • MW: 556.71
  • Catalog: Motilin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OPC-14523 hydrochloride

OPC-14523 hydrochloride is an orally active sigma and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with high affinity for sigma receptors (σ1/2 IC50=47/56 nM), the 5-HT1A receptor (IC50=2.3 nM), and the 5-HT transporter (IC50=80 nM). OPC-14523 hydrochloride shows antidepressant-like activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 145969-31-9
  • MF: C23H29Cl2N3O2
  • MW: 450.401
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pipamperone Dihydrochloride

Pipamperone (Floropipamide; McN-JR 3345) dihydrochloride is a high-affinity antagonist of 5-HT2A receptor (pKi=8.2) and D4 receptor (pKi=8.0) and a low-affinity antagonist of D2 receptor (pKi=6.7)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2448-68-2
  • MF: C21H32Cl2FN3O2
  • MW: 448.40
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 563.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 203-218ºC
  • Flash Point: 294.7ºC

Velusetrag

Velusetrag (TD-5108) is an orally active, potent and selective agonist of serotonin 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R), with a pKi of 7.7. Velusetrag exhibits no affinity (Ki>10 μM) for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Velusetrag can be used for the research of gastrointestinal diseases and Parkinson's disease[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 866933-46-2
  • MF: C25H36N4O5S
  • MW: 504.64200
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.34g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

S 38093

S 38093 is a brain-penetrant antagonist of H3 receptor, with Ki of 8.8, 1.44 and 1.2 µM for rat, mouse and human H3 receptors, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 862896-30-8
  • MF: C17H24N2O2
  • MW: 288.38
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Celiprolol HCl

Celiprolol hydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of β1-andrenoceptor with partial β2 agonist activity, therefore it is a selective adrenoreceptor modulator (SAM). Celiprolol hydrochloride demonstrates antihypertensive and antianginal activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 57470-78-7
  • MF: C20H34ClN3O4
  • MW: 415.955
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.114g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 586.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 197-200ºC (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 308.5ºC

Gluten Exorphin C

Gluten exorphin C is an opioid peptide derived from wheat gluten. Its IC50 values are 40 μM and 13.5 μM for μ opioid and δ opioid activities in the GPI and MVD assays, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 142479-62-7
  • MF: C29H45N5O8
  • MW: 591.69600
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cinacalcet hydrochloride

Cinacalcet hydrochloride is an orally active, allosteric agonist of Ca receptor (CaR), used for cardiovascular disease treatment.

  • CAS Number: 364782-34-3
  • MF: C22H23ClF3N
  • MW: 393.873
  • Catalog: CaSR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 440.9ºCat760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 175-177ºC
  • Flash Point: 220.5ºC

Homatropine (Bromide)

Homatropine Bromide is muscarinic AChR antagonist that is an anticholinergic medication.Target: mAChRHomatropine is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system. Homatropine (20 μM) alone produces a dose ratio of 259 in atrium from guinea-pigs. Homatropine (20 μM) produces a dose ratio of only 95.0 when combined with hexamethonium in atrium from guinea-pigs [1]. Homatropine has similar affinities for muscarinic receptors in stomach (pA2 = 7.13) and for those in atria mediating force (pA2 = 7.21) and rate (pA2 = 7.07) responses [2]. Homatropine [14C]methylbromide administrated rectal achieves higher and rapid peak plasma concentrations than by the other routes in rats whether HMB-14C is administered in a water-soluble suppository base or in aqueous solution, retained 28% of the 14C has been excreted in the urine while 56% remained in the large intestine after 12 hours. Unlabelled Homatropine methylbromide, given in rectal suppositories to anaesthetized rats, causes prompt blockade of the effects of vagal stimulation on pulse rate and of intravenous acetylcholine on blood pressure [3].

  • CAS Number: 51-56-9
  • MF: C16H22BrNO3
  • MW: 356.25500
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: 1.21g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 434.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 214-217 °C
  • Flash Point: 216.8ºC

Kassinin

Kassinin is a peptide derived from the Kassina frog. It belongs to tachykinin family of neuropeptides. It is secreted as a defense response, and is involved in neuropeptide signalling.

  • CAS Number: 63968-82-1
  • MF: C59H95N15O18S
  • MW: 1335.525
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1714.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 990.7±34.3 °C

Agnuside

Agnuside is a compound isolated from Vitex negundo, down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and LTB4, and reduces the expression of cytokines, with anti-arthritic activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 11027-63-7
  • MF: C22H26O11
  • MW: 466.435
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 785.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 134-136ºC
  • Flash Point: 273.5±26.4 °C

Trimipramine-d3 maleate

Trimipramine-d3 maleate is the deuterium labeled Trimipramine maleate. Trimipramine maleate is a 5-HT receptor antagonist, with pKis of 6.39, 8.10, 4.66 for 5-HT1C, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1185245-93-5
  • MF: C24H30N2O4
  • MW: 410.506
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 9℃