Bemfivastatin (PPD 10558) is an orally active, HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor, also known as Statin. Bemfivastatin enhances the activity of liver extraction. Bemfivastatin exhibits little developmental toxicity effects in pregnant rats and rabbits via daily oral doses during organogenesis period. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) are ≥320 mg/kg/day for rats developmental toxicity, 12.5 mg/kg/day for rabbits maternal toxicity, and 25 mg/kg/day for rabbits developmental toxicity, respectively. Bemfivastatin can be used for research on Statin-related hypercholesterolemic myalgia with inability to tolerate statins[1][2].
α-Glucosidase-IN-29 (compound 19) is a α-glucosidases inhibitor (IC50=1.21 μM, Ki=1.80 μM). α-Glucosidase-IN-29 ca be used for research of diabetes and related diseases[1].
Glycyrin is a PPAR-γ ligand of licorice. Glycyrin can decrease the blood glucose levels of genetically diabetic mice.Glycyrin also shows antibacterial activity[1][2][3].
2-Phenylglycine (DL-α-Phenylglycine) is a metabolite in breast milk during the W2 to W4 lactation period[1].
NKY80 is a potent, selective and non-competitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) type V isoform inhibitor with IC50s of 8.3 µM, 132 µM and 1.7 mM for type V, III and II, respectively. NKY80 is a non-nucleoside quinazolinone and regulates the AC catalytic activity in heart and lung tissues[1][2].
Exendin-4 acetate, a 39 amino acid peptide, is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with an IC50 of 3.22 nM.
L-Tryptophan-1-13C (Tryptophan-1-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3[1].
Mirabegron impurity-1 is a potent and selectiveβ3- adrenergic receptor agonist. Mirabegron impurity-1has the activity of inhibiting metabolism. Mirabegron impurity-1 can be used inthe study of the treatment of bladder impurity [1].
Pparδ agonist 7 is a potent agonist of Pparδ. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a member of the intranuclear receptor transcription factor superfamily that plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, cell growth and differentiation in vivo. Pparδ agonist 7 has the potential for the research of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (extracted from patent WO2019105234A1, compound TM4)[1].
Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1].
Tetramethylpyrazine (Ligustrazine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong)[1], is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Tetramethylpyrazine (Ligustrazine) also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats[2][3].
SLX-4090, an enterocytic-specific microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.0 nM. SLX-4090 can be used for the research of dyslipidemia[1].
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl is a potent MOR agonist. Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl displays reduced hyperlocomotion, inhibition of GI transit and reinforcing properties[1].
AdipoRon hydrochloride is an orally active and specific AdipoR agonist, binding to AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, with Kds of 1.8 and 3.1 μM, respectively.
AMPK activator 10 is an orally active, potent AMPK activator with EC150 of 44.3 nM by cell-ELISA. AMPK activator 10 increases the phosphorylation levels of ACC. AMPK activator 10 exhibits a glucose lowering effect[1].
D-Xylulose-2-13C is the 13C labeled D-Xylulose. D-xylulose is a precursor of the pentiol D-arabi[1][2].
α-Glucosidase-IN-9 (compound 7) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 55.6 μM. α-Glucosidase-IN-9 can be used for type II diabetes research[1].
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is a key enzyme in purine metabolism, which is involved in the purine rescue pathway. The deficiency of Purine nucleoside phosphorylase resulted in impaired T cell function. In the presence of inorganic orthophosphate as the second substrate, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzes the breaking of the glycosidic bond between ribose and deoxyribonucleoside to generate purine base and ribose (deoxyribose) -1-phosphate[1].
Neopuerarin A is an isoflavones isolated from the water extraction of the dried roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.). Neopuerarin A shows significant hepatoprotective effect[1].
Meclofenamic acid (Meclofenamate) sodium hydrate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate is a highly selective FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) enzyme inhibitor. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate competes with FTO binding for the m(6)A-containing nucleic acid. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate is a non-selective gap-junction blocker. Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate inhibits hKv2.1 and hKv1.1, with IC50 values of 56.0 and 155.9 μM, respectively[1][2][3][4].
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (4-10), human is a melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor agonist.
Picornain 3C is a protease found in picornaviruses, which cleaves peptide bonds of non-terminal sequences. Picornain 3C is an intermediate between the serine peptidase chymotrypsin and the cysteine peptidase papain. Picornain 3C shows endopeptidase activity by selectively cleaving Gln-Gly bonds in the polyprotein of poliovirus and with substitution of Glu for Gln, and Ser or Thr for Gly in other picornaviruses[1].
10-Nitrolinoleic acid is a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist. 10-Nitrolinoleic acid competes with [3H]Rosiglitazone for binding to PPAR-γ, with an IC50 of 0.22 μM[1].
Epimedin K (Korepimedoside B), a flavonol glycoside, is isolated from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a famous Chinese herbal medicine for the research of impotence, osteoporosis, immune suppression and cardiovascular diseases[1][2].
Imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Dulaglutide (LY2189265) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Sequence: His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Gly-Gly;HGEGTFTSDVSSYLEEQAAKEFIAWLVKGGG.
Glucagon receptor antagonists-1 is a highly potent glucagon receptor antagonist.
SM-2470 is a potent α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, has sympathetic nerve activity in anesthetized rats[1]. SM-2470 is an antihypertensive agent. SM-2470 exhibits hypocholesterolaemic effect by the inhibition of cholesterol absorption related to the reduction of cholesterol solubilization[2].
Pseudoprotodioscin, a furostanoside, inhibits SREBP1/2 and microRNA 33a/b levels and reduces the gene expression regarding the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides[1].
Diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV)[1].