NVP-DPP728 is a potent, reversible and nitrile-dependent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor. NVP-DPP728 can inhibit human DPP-IV amidolytic activity with a Ki of 11 nM. NVP-DPP728 inhibits degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and thereby potentiates insulin release in response to glucose intake. NVP-DPP728 can be used for researching diabetes[1].
Leriglitazone (Hydroxypioglitazone), a metabolite of pioglitazone.Leriglitazone (Hydroxypioglitazone) PioOH is a PPARγ agonist, stabilizes the PPARγ activation function-2 (AF-2) co-activator binding surface and enhances co-activator binding, affording slightly better transcriptional efficacy.Leriglitazone (Hydroxypioglitazone) binds to the PPARγ C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) with Ki of 1.2 μM，induces transcriptional efficacy of the PPARγ (LBD) with EC50 of 680 nM[1].
Mogroside III, a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the extracts of Luo Han Guo, is a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities[1].
JNJ-17203212 is a novel and selective TRPV1 antagonist, with IC50 of 65 nM and 102 nM for human TRPV1 and rat TRPV1.IC50 value: 65 nM (human TRPV1), 102 nM (rat TRPV1)Target: TRPVin vivo: JNJ-17203212 reduces sensitivity to luminal distension in both an acute, noninflammatory and a chronic, post-inflammatory rodent model of colonic hypersensitivity. Throughout this study, colonic sensitivity was assessed via quantification of VMR to CRD in rats following a single, oral administration of JNJ-17203212 (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle. [1] Oral pretreatment with JNJ-17203212 is a novel and selective TRPV1 antagonist, with partially prevents core hypothermia evoked by sc capsaicin. Oral pretreatment with JNJ-17203212 is a novel and selective TRPV1 antagonist, with partially prevents capsaicin-evoked hypothermia in a dose-response manner. [2]
AChRα(97-116), a peptide, can be used to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG)[1]
GDP-α-D-mannose disodium is the donor substrate for mannosyltransferases and the precursor of GDP-β-L-fucose. GDP-α-D-mannose disodium gives a competitive inhibition with respect to GTP (Ki 14.7 μM) and an uncompetitive inhibition with respect to mannose-1-P (Ki 115 μM)[1].
N-Benzyloleamide is a maccamide isolated from Lepidium meyenii (Maca). N-Benzyloleamide irreversibly inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). N-benzyloleamide influences the energy metabolism and reveals antioxidant and antifatigue activities[1][2].
Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone. Cholecystokinin, as a hunger suppressant, inhibits food intake and stimulates the digestion of fat and protein. Cholecystokinin can be used for the research of gastrointestinal system[1][2][3].
3,7-Dimethyloct-1-ene-3,6,7-triol is a class of monoterpenoid polyols. 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-ene-3,6,7-triol has anti-HIV activity. 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-ene-3,6,7-triol can be used to study the isolation method of this drug from natural fruit ofCnidium monnieri [1].
SREBP/SCAP-IN-2(compound 13) is a selectiveSREBP/SCAPinhibitor[1].
D-(+)-Sorbose, an active enantiomer of D-Sorbose, which inhibits disaccharidase activity and demonstrates suppressive action on postprandial blood levels of glucose and insulin in the rat. D-sorbose acts as a sweetener may contribute to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus[1].
Protamine sulfate, polycationic peptide and a antiheparin agent, could neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin and enhances lipid-mediated gene transfer[1][2][3].
Adenosine-3′-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo
D-threo-PDMP is a potent glucoceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor, which reduces the glycosphingolipids on the cell surface by inhibiting glycosylation, reduces the total length of the axon plexus and the number of axon branch points, and inhibits neurite growth[1][2].
Rosiglitazone-d3 (BRL 49653-d3) is the deuterium labeled Rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) is a selective, orally active PPARγ agonist with EC50s of 30 nM, 100 nM and 60 nM for PPARγ1, PPARγ2, and PPARγ, respectively. Rosiglitazone binds to PPARγ with a Kd of approximately 40 nM. Rosiglitazone is also an activator of TRPC5 (EC50=~30 μM) and an inhibitor of TRPM3[1][2][3][4].
BMS-823778 (BMS823778) is an orally available, potent and selective inhibitor of 11βHSD-1 with IC50 of 2.3 nM, displays >10,000-fold selectivity over 11βHSD-2; exhibits robust acute pharmacodynamic effects in cynomolgus monkeys (ED50=0.6mg/Kg) and in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (ED50=34 mg/Kg), also showed excellent inhibition in an ex vivo adipose DIO mouse model (ED50=5.2 mg/Kg). Diabetes Phase 2 Clinical
CP-319340 free base is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor.
Trimethylammonium chloride-d10 is the deuterium labeled Trimethylammonium chloride[1]. Trimethylammonium chloride is an endogenous metabolite.
Mozavaptan hydrochloride (OPC-31260 hydrochloride) is a benzazepine derivative and a potent, selective, competitive and orally active vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 14 nM. Mozavaptan hydrochloride shows ~85-fold selectivity for V2 receptor over V1 receptor (IC50 of 1.2 μM), and can antagonize the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in vivo. Mozavaptan hydrochloride has the potential for hyponatremia, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), and congestive heart failure treatment[1][2].
Fructosyl-lysine (Fructoselysine) is an amadori glycation product from the reaction of glucose and lysine by the Maillard reaction. Fructosyl-lysine is the precursor to glucosepane, a lysine–arginine protein cross-link that can be an indicator in diabetes detection[1].
Raspberry ketone is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry, widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics and as a flavoring agent in foodstuff; also shows PPAR-α agonistic activity.
Abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Pimenta racemosa var. grissea, possesses antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-obesity properties. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy treatment[1][2].
3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid, a member of methyl-branched fatty acids, is a endogenous metabolite occasionally found in human urine[1].
3-Methylglutaconic acid is the major metabolites accumulating in 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGTA). 3-Methylglutaconic acid can induce lipid oxidative damage and protein oxidative. 3-Methylglutaconic acid decreases the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex supernatants to elicit oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex. 3-Methylglutaconic acid can be used for brain damage disease research[1].
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-10isa bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient[1].
SBI-993 is an analog of SBI-477 that shows improved potency and suitable pharmacokinetic properties for in vivo bioavailability; reduces Txnip and Arrdc4 expression to a degree similar to that seen with SBI-477 in human myotubes; reduces muscle and liver TAG levels, enhances insulin signaling, and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) I (7-36), amide, human is a physiological incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion.
Apelin-13 is the endogenous ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, activates APJ receptor with an EC50 value of 0.37 nM in CHO cells[1][2].
8-Aminooctanoic acid is an omega-amino fatty acid that is octanoic acid which carries an amino group at position 8. 8-aminooctanoic acid has a role as a human metabolite[1].
Glycosidase-IN-2 (Compound 20) is an azasugar class of glycosidase inhibitor. Glycosidase-IN-2 has hypoglycemic activity[1].