Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose.Target: OthersMiglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body. Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet. Dietary supplementation with miglitol from pre-onset stage in OLETF rats delays the onset and development of diabetes and preserves the insulin secretory function of pancreatic islets [1]. Miglitol was orally administered at 40 mg/100 g of high-fat diet containing 45% kcal as fat to 12-week-old rats for 29 days, and age-matched rats without the agent were used as the respective controls [2].
Recaticimab (SHR-1209) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9. Receticimab mediates the degradation of PCSK9 by binding to PCSK9, increasing the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, reducing the level of LDL in plasma, and achieving the goal of lowering blood lipids. Recaticimab has potential application in hypercholesterolemia[1][2].
Oxyresveratrol 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic compound isolated from Morus nigra root and is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.64 μM[1].
Phytanic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Zellweger Syndrome, Alpha Methylacyl CoA Racemase Deficiency, Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata and Infantile Refsum Disease[1][2][3][4][5].
Aleglitazar(R1439; RO-0728804) is a new dual PPAR-α/γ agonist with IC50 of 2.8 nM/4.6 nM.IC50 Value: 2.8 nM(PPAR-α); 4.6 nM(PPAR-γ)Target: PPARα/γAleglitazar (R1439) is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, with affinity to PPARα and PPARγ. Aleglitazar is being developed for the treatment of type II diabetes; It is currently in phase III clinical trials. In preliminary clinical studies, Aleglitazar has been demonstrated to improve hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aleglitazar has beneficial effects on both lipid and glucose parameters and may have a therapeutic role in modifying cardiovascular risk factors and improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Aleglitazar combines the lipid benefits of fibrates and the insulin-sensitizing benefits of thiazolidinediones.
3, 4-seco-4 (23),20(29) -Lupadiene-3,28-dioic acid (Compound 5) is a triterpenoid compound. 3, 4-seco-4 (23),20(29)-Lupadiene-3,28-dioic acid has a strong inhibitory effect on the production of superoxide anions, and the inhibitory rate is 86.9±2.8% at 1 μM[1].
C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss[1][2][3][4][5].
Sparfosic acid trisodium, is a potent inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase, with anti-tumor and antimetabolite activity. Aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase catalyzes the second step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis[1][2].
Acetyl-Hirudin (54-65) (sulfated) binds directly to thrombin-rHCII(L444R) and disrupts interactions between the N-terminal acidic domain of rHCII and anion-binding exosite I of thrombin that serves to stabilize the complex[1].
Creatine D3 hydrate is a deuterium labeled Creatine hydrate. Creatine hydrate is pivotal in energy metabolism of muscle and brain cells, both in physiological and in pathological conditions[1].
PF-06869206 is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi2a (SLC34A1) with an IC50 of 380 nM.
Coenzyme A (trilithium), a ubiquitous essential cofactor, is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A (trilithium) plays a central role in the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids[1].
(±)-Leucine-13C-1 (DL-Leucine-13C-1) is the 13C-labeled (±)-Leucine. (±)-Leucine (DL-Leucine), an isomer of Leucine, chemosterilant and dietary additive. (±)-Leucine inhibits growth of Escherichia coli HfrH by 92.08%[1].
Thiochrome, a natural oxidation product and metabolite of thiamine, is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor of acetylcholine (ACh) affinity enhancer. Thiochrome has neutral cooperativity with ACh at M1 to M3 receptors[1][2].
SSTR5 antagonist 2 (compound 10) is a highly potent, oral active and selective somatostatin (receptor) subtype 5 (SSTR5) antagonist and has potential to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)[1].
L-6424 inhibits T3 binding to α1-T3R and β1-T3R[1].
Hypoglycemic agent 1 acts as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for diabetes. Hypoglycemic agent 1 has an action for lowering blood sugar[1].
Gastric mucin is a large glycoprotein which is thought to play a major role in the protection of the gastrointestinal tract from acid, proteases, pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical trauma.
Alogliptin(SYR-322) is a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4 with IC50 of <10 nM, exhibits greater than 10,000-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9.IC50 value: <10 nMTarget: DPP4Alogliptin is an orally administered, anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor class. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2011 aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo and voglibose among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The main outcome indicated that alogliptin was statistically superior to both comparitors. A randomized clinical trial reporting in 2012 aimed to demonstrate that alogliptin was "non-inferior" to a "very low fat/calorie traditional Japanese diet" among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients in Japan. The outcome indicated that both the drug and dietary treatments comparably impacted indicators of the diabetic condition, such as HbA1c levels and glycemic efficacy. The drug treatment had its impact without changing body mass index (BMI), but the dietary treatment was accompanied by a significant reduction in the BMI…
Hyaluronate lyase can cleat hyaluronate (HA) and produce unsaturated disaccharides through a β-elimination reaction. The resulting disaccharides further trigger the downstream pathway and catalyze the next reaction. Hyaluronate lyase helps Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp.equisimilis (SDSE) acquire nutrients from the host, causing bacterial pathogenicity[1].
CPA inhibitor is a potent inhibitor for carboxypeptidase A (CPA).
Aldolase is a glycolytic enzyme and a component of the VATPase complex. Aldolase causes fructose 1, 6-diphosphate to decompose into dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate[1].
BI-6015 is a hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) antagonist that can inhibit the expression of known HNF4α target genes. BI6015 represses insulin promoter activity through HNF4α antagonism. BI-6015 can be used for the research of cancer and diabetes[1].
Alagebrium chloride is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitor.
L-Leucine-d1 is the deuterium labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[1].
cyt-PTPε Inhibitor-1 is a potent cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (cyt-PTPε) inhibitor, binds to the catalytic domain of cyt-PTPε, blocks c-Src activation (dephosphorylation of c-Src), and exhibits anti-osteoclastic activity[1].
DL-Glyceric Acid is a compound that is secreted excessively in the urine by patients suffering from D-glyceric aciduria.
Ganglioside GM3 sodium salt is a sialylated membrane-based glycosphingolipid that regulates insulin receptor signaling via direct association with the receptor. Ganglioside GM3 sodium salt possesses powerful effects on cancer development and progression[1][2].
Rheumone B possesses antioxidant activity[1].
Ecnoglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist[1].