An Acid is an organic compound with acidic properties, mostly produced in the plants. Some organic acids are with carboxyl group -COOH, group -SO2OH. Other groups can also confer acidity, usually weakly: the thiol group -SH, the enol group, and the phenol group. Organice acids are commonly used for acidulant, antioxidant, flavoring agent, and some possess antibacterial activities. An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure -CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain. Many aldehydes are found in essential oils and often contribute to their favorable odors, e.g. cinnamaldehyde, cilantro, and vanillin. Possibly because of the high reactivity of the formyl group, aldehydes are not common in several of the natural building blocks: amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids. Most sugars, however, are derivatives of aldehydes. These aldoses exist as hemiacetals, a sort of masked form of the parent aldehyde. For example, in aqueous solution only a tiny fraction of glucose exists as the aldehyde.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Pyrrole 2-carboxylate

Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a natural alkaloid from the marine bacterium Pelomonas puraquae sp. Nov.

  • CAS Number: 634-97-9
  • MF: C5H5NO2
  • MW: 111.099
  • Catalog: Infection
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 340.3±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 204-208 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 159.6±20.4 °C

Glycocholic acid

Glycocholic acid is a bile acid with anticancer activity, targeting against pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways.

  • CAS Number: 475-31-0
  • MF: C26H43NO6
  • MW: 465.623
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 655.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 128°C
  • Flash Point: 350.1±34.3 °C

(E)-Aconitic Acid

trans-Aconitic acid is present in normal human urine, and it has been suggested that is present in larger amounts with Reye's syndrome and organic aciduria. trans-Aconitic acid is a substrate of enzyme trans-aconitate 2-methyltransferase.

  • CAS Number: 4023-65-8
  • MF: C6H6O6
  • MW: 174.108
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 542.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 190 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 296.0±26.6 °C

L-2,3-Diaminopropionic acid

2, 3-Diaminopropionic acid is a metabolite of b-oxalyl-L-a, b-diaminopropionic acid a neurotoxic amino acid (ODAP).

  • CAS Number: 4033-39-0
  • MF: C3H8N2O2
  • MW: 104.108
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 325.6±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 150.7±25.1 °C

2-Methoxybenzoic acid

2-Methoxybenzoic acid is used as an internal standard of salicylic acid and its putative biosynthetic precursors in cucumber leaves. Another known use is in the synthesis of Benextramine.

  • CAS Number: 579-75-9
  • MF: C8H8O3
  • MW: 152.147
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 279.9±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 98-100 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 116.3±13.3 °C

Pentadecanoic acid

Pentadecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 15-carbon backbone.

  • CAS Number: 1002-84-2
  • MF: C15H30O2
  • MW: 242.398
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 330.4±5.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 51-53 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 149.6±12.5 °C

Petroselinic acid

Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits.

  • CAS Number: 593-39-5
  • MF: C18H34O2
  • MW: 282.461
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 399.0±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 295.8±14.4 °C

Tricosanoic acid

Tricosanoic acid is a long-chain fatty acid and shown to be a hair growth stimulant.

  • CAS Number: 2433-96-7
  • MF: C23H46O2
  • MW: 354.610
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 399.0±5.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 77-79 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 179.3±12.5 °C

Ketoleucine

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, an abnormal metabolite, is both a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin.

  • CAS Number: 816-66-0
  • MF: C6H10O3
  • MW: 130.142
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 190.5±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 8-10 °C
  • Flash Point: 83.3±15.2 °C

Harden-Young ester

Fosfructose is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate for the potential treatment of cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia and asthma.

  • CAS Number: 488-69-7
  • MF: C6H14O12P2
  • MW: 340.116
  • Catalog: Cardiovascular Disease
  • Density: 2.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 722.6±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 390.8±35.7 °C

3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid

3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid is found in herbs and spices. 3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a constituent of Piper longum (long pepper) and Piper retrofractum (Javanese long pepper).

  • CAS Number: 25173-72-2
  • MF: C12H16O5
  • MW: 240.25200
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.169 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 373.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 100-104 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 139.9ºC

Homovanillic acid

Homovanillic acid is a dopamine metabolite found to be associated with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, and sepiapterin reductase deficiency.

  • CAS Number: 306-08-1
  • MF: C9H10O4
  • MW: 182.173
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 368.7±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 142-145 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 151.9±17.2 °C

Riboflavine phosphate

Riboflavine phosphate is a very effective NAD+-recycling agent.

  • CAS Number: 146-17-8
  • MF: C17H21N4O9P
  • MW: 456.34400
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.83g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 195°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adipic acid

Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism.

  • CAS Number: 124-04-9
  • MF: C6H10O4
  • MW: 146.141
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 338.5±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 151-154 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 196 ºC

Lauric acid

Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 143-07-7
  • MF: C12H24O2
  • MW: 200.318
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 296.1±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 44-46 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 134.1±11.9 °C

Methyl vanillate

Methyl vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator[1]. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite.

  • CAS Number: 3943-74-6
  • MF: C9H10O4
  • MW: 182.173
  • Catalog: Wnt
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 286.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 64-67 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 120.2±15.8 °C

Nervonic acid

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid important in the biosynthesis of myelin.

  • CAS Number: 506-37-6
  • MF: C24H46O2
  • MW: 366.621
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 479.2±14.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 42-43 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 375.8±15.2 °C

3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid

3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid is a building block in the chemical synthesis.

  • CAS Number: 93-40-3
  • MF: C10H12O4
  • MW: 196.200
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 331.4±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 96-98 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 130.2±17.2 °C

4-Pyridoxic acid

4-Pyridoxic acid is a catabolic product of vitamin B6 which is excreted in the urine.

  • CAS Number: 82-82-6
  • MF: C8H9NO4
  • MW: 183.16100
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.48g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 584.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 258-261ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 307.3ºC

N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid

N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid is a derivative of aspartic acid.

  • CAS Number: 997-55-7
  • MF: C6H9NO5
  • MW: 175.139
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 329.1±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 137-140 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 152.8±30.7 °C

Taurine

Taurine is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues.Target: OthersTaurine is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine and accounts for approximately 0.1% of total human body weight [1]. Taurine is present in high concentration in algae and in the animals including insects and arthropods, but is generally absent or present in traces in the bacterial and plant kingdoms [2]. In cardiac tissue alone, taurine levels of 20 mM or higher may be found. Taurine availability protects against cholestasis induced by monohydroxy bile acids remains confined to guinea pigs [3]. Oral supplementation of taurine results in increased plasma taurine concentrations and is associated with normalization of left ventricular function in both groups of cats. Myocardial concentrations of taurine are directly related to plasma concentrations and low plasma concentrations are found to be associated with myocardial failure in cats, proposing a direct link occurs between decreased taurine concentration in the myocardium and decreased myocardial mechanical function [4].

  • CAS Number: 107-35-7
  • MF: C2H7NO3S
  • MW: 125.147
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

  • CAS Number: 127-17-3
  • MF: C3H4O3
  • MW: 88.062
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 165.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 11-12 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 54.3±15.2 °C

Xanthurenic acid

Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus.

  • CAS Number: 59-00-7
  • MF: C10H7NO4
  • MW: 205.167
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 514.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 297-298 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 264.9±30.1 °C

Docosanoic acid

Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.

  • CAS Number: 112-85-6
  • MF: C22H44O2
  • MW: 340.584
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 391.8±5.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 72-80 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 176.3±12.5 °C

DL-2-Phenylpropionic acid

2-Phenylpropionic acid is an intermediate in alpha-Methylstyrene metabolism.

  • CAS Number: 492-37-5
  • MF: C9H10O2
  • MW: 150.174
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 260-262 ºC
  • Melting Point: 5 ºC
  • Flash Point: 148 ºC

c19:1 (cis-10) acid

10Z-Nonadecenoic acid is a kind of long-chain fatty acid with anti-tumor activity.

  • CAS Number: 73033-09-7
  • MF: C19H36O2
  • MW: 296.48800
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 0.897g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 384.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 281.3ºC

3-Oxopentanedioic acid

3-Oxopentanedioic acid is a simple dicarboxylic acid, which is well-known to be used in the tropinone synthesis.

  • CAS Number: 542-05-2
  • MF: C5H6O5
  • MW: 146.098
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 408.4±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 133 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 214.9±21.1 °C

Dodecanedioic acid

Dodecanedioic acid (C12) is a dicarboxylic acid which is a water-soluble substance with a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and carbohydrates.

  • CAS Number: 693-23-2
  • MF: C12H22O4
  • MW: 230.301
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 394.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 127-129 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 216.6±17.7 °C

Glutarylcarnitine

Glutarylcarnitine is the diagnostic metabolite for malonic aciduria and glutaric aciduria type I monitored in most tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening programmes.

  • CAS Number: 102636-82-8
  • MF: C12H21NO6
  • MW: 275.29800
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-Dehydroascorbic acid

Dehydroascorbic acid, a blood-brain barrier transportable form of vitamin C, mediates potent cerebroprotection in experimental stroke.

  • CAS Number: 490-83-5
  • MF: C6H6O6
  • MW: 174.108
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 389.3±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 228 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 170.0±20.3 °C