Dydrogesterone(Duphaston) is a potent, orally active progestogen indicated in a wide variety of gynaecological conditions related to progesterone deficiency.IC50 value:Target: Progesterone ReceptorDydrogesterone is a potent, orally active progestogen indicated in a wide variety of gynaecological conditions related to progesterone deficiency. Although similar in molecular structure and pharmacological effects to endogenous progesterone. It is orally active at far lower doses. Its freedom from estrogenic, androgenic, anabolic, corticoid and other undesirable hormonal effects gives it additional benefits over most other synthetic progestogens.Dydrogesterone has also been registered as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to counteract the negative effects of unopposed estrogen on the endometrium in women with an intact uterus. Dydrogesterone is relatively safe and well tolerated, and does not exhibit the androgenic side effects that are common with some other progestins, like medroxyprogesterone.
Tanaproget(NSP989) is a novel nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonist which can bind to the PR from various species with a higher relative affinity than reference steroidal progestins.IC50 value: 0.1 nM (EC50, induce alkaline phosphatase activity) [1]Target: progesterone receptorTanaproget represents a potential first-in-class nonsteroidal PR agonist for contraception with improved safety and side effect profiles versus currently available steroidal oral contraceptives.in vitro: In T47D cells, TNPR induces alkaline phosphatase activity with an EC(50) value of 0.1 nm, comparable with potent steroidal progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and trimegestone (TMG), albeit with a reduced efficacy ( approximately 60%). In a mammalian two-hybrid assay to measure PR agonist-induced interaction between steroid receptor co-activator-1 and PR, TNPR showed similar potency (EC(50) value of 0.02 nm) and efficacy to MPA and TMG [1].in vivo: TNPR effectively down-regulated MMP expression in vitro and induced significant reduction of lesions in mice with disease established by tissues from endometriosis patients [2]. The maximum concentration (C(max)) of tanaproget occurred approximately 2 to 3 h after administration. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) ranged from 12 to 30 h, and the oral clearance was approximately 70 L/h. The pharmacokinetics of tanaproget was not noticeably altered with a high-fat meal [3].Toxicity: All doses of tanaproget decreased cervical mucus scores (using a modified Insler method), indicating poor production and poor quality of cervical mucus. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events were vaginal bleeding/spotting, abdominal cramping and vomiting; their incidence was not dose related and most events were mild [3].
Dexamethasone oxetanone (Dex-Ox), a derivative of the glucocorticoid-selective steroid Dexamethasone (Dex), is an antiglucocorticoid. Dexamethasone oxetanone is an antiprogestin with significant agonist activity with progesterone receptor (PR) A and B isoforms[1][2].
Drospirenone-d4 (Dihydrospirorenone-d4) is the deuterium labeled Drospirenone. Drospirenone (Dihydrospirorenone) is a synthetic progestin that is an analog to spironolactone[1][2].
Dienogest(STS-557) is a specific progesterone receptor agonist with potent oral endometrial activity and is used in the treatment of endometriosis. Target: progesterone receptor agonistDienogest is an orally active synthetic progesterone (or progestin). It is available for use as an oral contraceptive in combination with ethinylestradiol. It has antiandrogenic activity and as a result can improve androgenic symptoms. It is a non-ethinylated progestin which is structurally related to testosterone [1]. Complete sperm suppression was observed in rats sacrificed either 60 or 90 days after dienogest (DNG)+ testosterone undecanoate (TU) administration, for two injections at 45-day interval. The neutral α-glucosidase activity in these treated rats remained in the normal range. Germ cell loss due to apoptosis was frequently observed both after 60 or 90 days of combination treatment. Significant decline in serum gonadotropin and testosterone, both serum and intratesticular levels, were observed in the treated rats. Following stoppage of treatment (given at 45-day interval) after two (0 and 45 days) or three injections (0, 45 and 90 days), complete restoration of spermatogenesis was observed by 120 and 165 days, respectively [2].Clinical indications: Adenomyosis; EndometriosisFDA Approved Date: 1995 Toxicity: weight gain; increased blood pressure; breast tenderness and nausea
Megestrol Acetate is a synthetic progesteronal agent with an IC50 of 260 μM for the inhibition of HegG2.Target: Progesterone ReceptorMegestrol acetate, also known as 17α-acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone, and sometimes abbreviated as MGA or MA, is a steroidal progestin and progesterone derivative (specifically, a 17-hydroxylated progesterone) with predominantly progestational and antigonadotropic effects. Megestrol acetate is a good candidate for muscle wasting treatment and future studies addressed at the interaction between the drug and protein turnover in human skeletal muscle should be performed.
Norethindrone acetate is a female progestin approved by FDA for the treatment of endometriosis, uterine bleeding caused by abnormal hormone levels, and secondary amenorrhea.
Gestonorone Capronate is a progestin for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy and endometrial cancer.
Norgestimate D6 is the deuterium labeled Norgestimate. Norgestimate, a synthetic progesterone analog, is an orally active progestin with highly selective progestational activity and minimal androgenicity. Norgestimate is used for an oral contraceptive[1][2].
PF-3882845 is a remarkably high affinity selective and orally efficacious mineralocorticoid receptor (MR binding IC50=2.7 nM) antagonist for hypertension and nephropathy. PF-3882845 also binds to progesterone receptor (PR) with the binding IC50 of 310 nM[1].
Medroxyprogesterone acetate is a progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone and a potent progesterone receptor agonist.Target: Progesterone ReceptorMedroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA) is a steroidal progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone. It is used as a contraceptive, in hormone replacement therapy and for the treatment of endometriosis as well as several other indications. MPA is a more potent derivative of its parent compound medroxyprogesterone (MP). While medroxyprogesterone is sometimes used as a synonym for medroxyprogesterone acetate, what is normally being administered is MPA and not MP [1, 2].
Medroxyprogesterone is a progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone and a potent progesterone receptor agonist.Target: Progesterone ReceptorMedroxyprogesterone (MP), is a steroidal progestin drug which was never marketed for use in humans. An acylated derivative, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), is clinically used as a pharmaceutical medicine. Compared to MPA, MP is over two orders of magnitude less potent as a progestogen. As such, MP itself is not used clinically, though it has seen limited use in veterinary medicine under the trade name Controlestril in France. In addition, it is an metabolite of MPA [1].
Ulipristal acetate-d6 is deuterium labeled Ulipristal acetate. Ulipristal acetate (CDB-2914) is an orally active, selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM). Ulipristal acetate stimulates the autophagic response selectively in leiomyoma cells. Ulipristal acetate has the potential for benign gynecological conditions treatment, such as uterine myoma[1][2].