Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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WEHI-539

WEHI-539 is a selective inhibitor of Bcl-XL with IC50 of 1.1 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1431866-33-9
  • MF: C31H29N5O3S2
  • MW: 583.724
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 827.6±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 454.3±37.1 °C

astin B

Astin B is a orally active and potent cyclic pentapeptide, that can be isolated from Aster tataricus. Astin B has hepatotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo and that hepatic injury was primarily mediated by apoptosis in a mitochondria/caspase-dependent manner. Astin B induces autophagy in L-02 cells, increases LC3-II and decreases p62 expression[1].

  • CAS Number: 151201-76-2
  • MF: C25H33Cl2N5O7
  • MW: 586.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Neocarzinostatin

Neocarzinostatin, a potent DNA-damaging, anti-tumor antibiotic, recognizes double-stranded DNA bulge and induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Neocarzinostatin induces apoptosis. Neocarzinostatin has potential for EpCAM-positive cancers treatment [1][2].

  • CAS Number: 9014-02-2
  • MF: C35H35NO12
  • MW: 661.65200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.52g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 900.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 498.4ºC

Butylated hydroxytoluene-d24

Butylated hydroxytoluene-d24 is the deuterium labeled Butylated hydroxytoluene[1]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant widely used in foods and in food-related products[2]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Ferroptosis inhibitor[3].

  • CAS Number: 1219805-92-1
  • MF: C15D24O
  • MW: 244.5
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HLI 373

HLI373 is an efficacious Hdm2 inhibitor. HLI373 inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of Hdm2. HLI373 is effective in inducing apoptosis of several tumor cells that are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents[1]. Antimalarial activity[2].

  • CAS Number: 502137-98-6
  • MF: C18H23N5O2
  • MW: 414.32900
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Prion Protein 106-126 (human)

Prion Protein 106-126 (human) is a peptide fragment of prion, it can induct neuronal apoptosis, antiproteinase K digestion, fiber formation, and mediate the conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) into pathogenic isoform (PrPSc). Prion Protein 106-126 (human) is generally used as the model to investigate neural degeneration of prion disease[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 148439-49-0
  • MF: C80H138N26O24S2
  • MW: 1912.24000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MS177

MS177 (MS-177) is a potent and selective EZH2 degarder (PROTAC) based on EZH2 inhibitor C24 with CRBN ligand pomalidomide with DC50 of 0.2 uM in EOL-1 cells.MS177 effectively degraded cellular EZH2-PRC2, suppressed global H3K27me3 in leukaemia cells.MS177 exhibited half-maximal degradation concentration (DC50) values of 0.2 ± 0.1 μM and 1.5 ± 0.2 μM, and maximum degradation (Dmax) values of 82% and 68%, respectively, in EOL-1 and MV4;11 cells.MS177 efficiently suppresses EZH2-PRC2 functions, also efficiently induces Myc degradation in cancer cells, suppresses EZH2-PRC2 functions.MS177 efficiently induces leukaemia cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression arrest, which is more effective than EZH2 inhibitors. MS177 (i.p. injection, 50-1 g/kg) represses AML growth without apparent toxicity in PDX models.

  • CAS Number: 2225938-86-1
  • MF: C48H55N11O8
  • MW: 914.037
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Procyanidin C1

Procyanidin C1 is a natural polyphenol, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 37064-30-5
  • MF: C45H38O18
  • MW: 866.77200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.747g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Patritumab

Patritumab (Human Anti-ERBB3 Recombinant Antibody) is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ERBB3. Patritumab shows a synergy with Cetuximab (HY-P9905), potently inhibits the phosphorylation of EGFR, HER2, HER3, ERK, and Akt. Patritumab also induces cell apoptosis and suppresses the growth of pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer xenograft tumors[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Griseofulvin-13C,d3

Griseofulvin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled.

  • CAS Number: 1329612-29-4
  • MF: C1613CH14D3ClO6
  • MW: 356.78
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mytoxin B

Mytoxin B is an ADC cytotoxin. Mytoxin B is a satratoxin-type trichothecene macrolide and is similar to the effect of LY294002 (HY-10108). Mytoxin B induces cell apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 105049-15-8
  • MF: C29H36O9
  • MW: 528.59100
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bacopaside II

Bacopaside II, an extract from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri, blocks the Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel and impairs migration of cells that express AQP1. Bacopaside II induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 382146-66-9
  • MF: C47H76O18
  • MW: 929.09600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.43
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone

6,8-Diprenylorobol, a prenylated isoflavone, is a nature product that could be isolated from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata. 6,8-Diprenylorobol antiproliferative effect and induces apoptosis through activation of p53 and generation of ROS[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 66777-70-6
  • MF: C25H26O6
  • MW: 422.470
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 667.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 228.6±25.0 °C

N-(4-(4-((5-(2-Methoxyethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)thio)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)isonicotinamide 4-methylbenzenesulfonate

T-1101 tosylate (TAI-95 tosylate) is a Hec1/Nek2 (Highly expressed in cancer 1 / NIMA-related kinase 2) inhibitor with antitumor activity. T-1101 tosylate is inactive toward normal cells, kinases and hERG[1]

  • CAS Number: 2250404-95-4
  • MF: C31H31N5O6S3
  • MW: 665.80
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Neoxanthin

Neoxanthin is a major xanthophyll carotenoid and a precursor of the plant hormone abscisic acid in dark green leafy vegetables. Neoxanthin is a potent antioxidant and light-harvesting pigment. Neoxanthin induces apoptosis and has anticancer actions[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 14660-91-4
  • MF: C40H56O4
  • MW: 600.870
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 733.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 397.3±32.9 °C

Salvigenin

Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 19103-54-9
  • MF: C18H16O6
  • MW: 328.316
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 535.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 196.9±23.6 °C

L-Isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-isoleucyl-L-lysine

Bax inhibitor peptide, negative control is a inhibitor of Bax. Bax inhibitor peptide, negative control inhibits Bax translocation to mitochondria and Bax-mediated apoptosis in vitro[1].

  • CAS Number: 1315378-74-5
  • MF: C28H52N6O6S
  • MW: 600.814
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 910.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 504.6±34.3 °C

Tomentosin

Tomentosin is a antiphlogistic sesquiterpene lactone that can be isolated from Inula falconeri.Tomentosin induces Apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 33649-15-9
  • MF: C15H20O3
  • MW: 248.318
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 416.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 185.1±28.8 °C

Afatinib oxalate

Afatinib (BIBW 2992) oxalate is an orally active, potent and irreversible dual specificity inhibitor of ErbB family (EGFR and HER2), with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2, respectively. Afatinib oxalate can be used for the research of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1398312-64-5
  • MF: C26H27ClFN5O7
  • MW: 575.97
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Humanin (human) trifluoroacetate salt

Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging[1][2]. Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG[2].

  • CAS Number: 330936-69-1
  • MF: C119H204N34O32S2
  • MW: 2687.23000
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.43±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SHP2-IN-8

SHP2-IN-8 is a highly potent, selective, and cellularly active allosteric SHP2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 23 nM and Ki of 22 nM. SHP2-IN-8 is reversible and noncompetitive. SHP2-IN-8 causes a significant thermal shift with the ΔTm of 7.01 ℃. SHP2-IN-8 induces the apoptosis and inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT in Hela cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 1801692-60-3
  • MF: C17H21Cl2N5S
  • MW: 398.35
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SU11652

SU11652 is a potent receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. SU11652 also inhibits several members of the split kinase family of RTKs, including VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and Kit. SU11652 can be uesd for spontaneous cancers expressing Kit mutations research[1].

  • CAS Number: 326914-10-7
  • MF: C22H27ClN4O2
  • MW: 414.93
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ginsenoside Rh1

Ginsenoside Rh1 is isolated from the root of Panax Ginseng. Ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

  • CAS Number: 63223-86-9
  • MF: C36H62O9
  • MW: 638.872
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 755.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 410.5±32.9 °C

MC2590

MC2590 is a potent pyridine-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. MC2590 is a inhibitor of HDAC1-3, −6, −8, and −10 (class I/IIb-selective inhibitor) with ic50 of 0.098 μM, 0.156 μM, 0.039 μM, 0.015 μM, 0.047 μM, 0.071 μM, respectively. MC2590 also inhibits HDAC isoforms HDAC4 (IC50=2.73 μM), HDAC5 (IC50=1.35 μM), HDAC7 (IC50=2.06 μM), HDAC9 (IC50=2.79 μM), HDAC11 (IC50=3.98 μM). MC2625 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and modulates pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs towards apoptosis induction[1].

  • CAS Number: 2284460-01-9
  • MF: C20H17N3O3
  • MW: 347.37
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Didocosahexaenoin

Didocosahexaenoin, an omega-3 derivative, is a diglyceride of DHA and can be synthesised from DHA triglycerides. Didocosahexaenoin causes significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induces ROS production. Didocosahexaenoin induces stronger cytotoxicity than DHA in human prostate carcinoma cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 124538-05-2
  • MF: C47H68O5
  • MW: 713.040
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 748.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 204.8±26.4 °C

Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK

Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK (Z-AAD-CMK) is a selective granzyme B inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 183284-21-1
  • MF: C19H24ClN3O7
  • MW: 441.86
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 120

Anticancer agent 120 (compound 21) is an N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivative, which has certain antibacterial activity and induces ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2928614-22-4
  • MF: C45H54F2N6O7
  • MW: 828.94
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IDO1/TDO-IN-1

IDO1/TDO-IN-1 (30) is a potent dual IDO1 (uncompetitive, Ki of 0.23 μM) and TDO (competitive, Ki of 0.73 μM) inhibitor. IDO1/TDO-IN-1 (30) significantly promotes cell apoptosis through the potential mitochondria-mediated Bcl-2/Bax pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 2379527-72-5
  • MF: C21H16O6
  • MW: 364.35
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CUR-61414

CUR61414 is a novel, potent and cell permeable Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor (IC50 =100-200 nM). CUR61414 is a small-molecule aminoproline class compound and selectively binds to smoothened (Smo) with a Ki  value of 44 nM. CUR-61414 can induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting neighboring non-tumor cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 334998-36-6
  • MF: C31H42N4O5
  • MW: 550.689
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 714.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 385.7±32.9 °C

Neoechinulin A

Neoechinulin A is an isoprenyl indole alkaloid that exhibits scavenging, neurotrophic factor-like, and anti-apoptotic activities. Neoechinulin A induces memory improvements and antidepressant-like effects in mice[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 51551-29-2
  • MF: C19H21N3O2
  • MW: 323.389
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 655.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 350.4±31.5 °C