G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
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Autophagy >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
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QCC-374

QCC374 is a selective agonist of IP[1].

  • CAS Number: 1356331-63-9
  • MF: C28H33N3O2
  • MW: 443.58
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 620.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 329.1±31.5 °C

Rilmenidine

Rilmenidine, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine induces autophagy. Rilmenidine modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 54187-04-1
  • MF: C10H16N2O
  • MW: 180.247
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 355.5±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 106 - 107ºC
  • Flash Point: 168.8±18.7 °C

Dexamethasone Phosphate

Dexamethasone phosphate (Dexamethasone 21-phosphate) is a biologically inactive compound which undergoes dephosphorylation by intra-erythrocyte enzymes. The active metabolite, dexamethasone, is then released into the circulation by simple passive diffusion through cell membranes. Dexamethasone phosphate-encapsulated erythrocyte has the potential for steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis research[1].

  • CAS Number: 312-93-6
  • MF: C22H30FO8P
  • MW: 472.44100
  • Catalog: Glucocorticoid Receptor
  • Density: 1.45g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 669.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 154-157°C (lit.)
  • Flash Point: 358.7ºC

GR113808

GR 113808 is a potent and highly selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist (pKb= 8.8). GR 113808 shows 300-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors[1].

  • CAS Number: 144625-51-4
  • MF: C19H27N3O4S
  • MW: 393.50000
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 572.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 299.9ºC

SEP-363856

SEP-363856 (SEP-856), an orally active and CNS active psychotropic agent with a unique, non-D2/5-HT2A mechanism of action, exerts its antipsychotic-like effects. SEP-363856 (SEP-856) has the potential for the treatment of schizophrenia[1].

  • CAS Number: 1310426-33-5
  • MF: C9H13NOS
  • MW: 183.27
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Terrein

Terrein is a melanogenesis inhibitor[1]. Terrein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines [2]. Terrein is an inhibitor of quorum sensing and c-di-GMP in Pseudomonas aeruginosa[3].

  • CAS Number: 582-46-7
  • MF: C8H10O3
  • MW: 154.16300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.449g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 327.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 165.9ºC

Naloxonazine dihydrochloride

Naloxonazine is a potent and selective opiate mu-1 antagonist that can also affect leishmania by regulating host coding function[1].

  • CAS Number: 82824-01-9
  • MF: C38H42N4O6
  • MW: 650.76300
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: 1.12g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 433.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 216.1ºC

SB 225002

SB225002 is a potent and selective CXCR2 antagonist with an IC50 of 22 nM.

  • CAS Number: 182498-32-4
  • MF: C13H10BrN3O4
  • MW: 352.140
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 401.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 196.7±28.7 °C

Hemokinin 1 (human) trifluoroacetate salt

Hemokinin 1, human is a selective tachykinin neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor full agonist. Hemokinin 1, human is a full agonist at NK2 and NK3 receptor. Hemokinin 1, human can produces an opioid-independent analgesia[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 491851-53-7
  • MF: C54H84N14O14S
  • MW: 1184.39000
  • Catalog: Neurokinin Receptor
  • Density: 1.282 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1669.168ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 963.278ºC

L-DOPA-13C

L-DOPA-13C is the 13C labeled L-DOPA[1]. L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of neurotransmitters dopamine. L-DOPA can cross the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA has anti-allodynic effects and the potential for Parkinson's disease[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 586971-29-1
  • MF: C813CH11NO4
  • MW: 198.18
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

[D-Trp8]-γ-MSH

[D-Trp8]-γ-MSH is a potent and selective agonist of melanocortin 3 (MC3) receptor, with IC50s of 6.7 nM, 600 nM and 340 nM for hMC3, hMC4 and hMC5, respectively in CHO cells. [D-Trp8]-γ-MSH could provide protection against multiple inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and colitis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 321351-81-9
  • MF: C74H99N21O16S
  • MW: 1570.774
  • Catalog: Inflammation/Immunology
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-HT2A&5-HT2C agonist-1

5-HT2A&5-HT2C agonist-1 (Example 2) is a 5-HT2A & 5-HT2C agonist, with IC50s of 196 nM and 0.9 nM respectively. 5-HT2A&5-HT2C agonist-1 can be used for research of depression, alcoholism, tobacco and cocaine addiction, inflammation, cluster headache, PTSD, seizure disorders and other CNS disorders[1].

  • CAS Number: 1640-02-4
  • MF: C14H20N2O
  • MW: 232.32
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CB1R Allosteric modulator 2

CB1R Allosteric modulator 2 (compound 18) is a potent CB1R allosteric modulator. CB1R Allosteric modulator 2 shows negatively affects the functional activity of orthosteric ligands (NAM) at CB1Rs[1].

  • CAS Number: 2513102-64-0
  • MF: C19H15ClFN3O
  • MW: 355.79
  • Catalog: Cannabinoid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Treprostinil (diethanolamine salt)

Treprostinil (UT-15C) diethanolamine is a potent EP2, DP1 and IP agonist with Ki values of 3.6, 4.4, 32.1, 212, 826, 2505 and 4680 nM for EP2, DP1, IP, EP1, EP4, EP3 and FP, respectively. Treprostinil (UT-15C) diethanolamine increases upregulation of cAMP toward maintaining homeostasis within the vasculature. Treprostinil (UT-15C) diethanolamine can result in vasodilatation of human pulmonary arteries[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 830354-48-8
  • MF: C27H45NO7
  • MW: 495.64900
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SKF 83959 hydrobromide

SKF83959 hydrobromide is a potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist. SKF83959 hydrobromide Ki values for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM, respectively. SKF83959 hydrobromide is a potent allosteric modulator of sigma (σ)-1 receptor. SKF83959 hydrobromide belongs to benzazepine family and has improvements on cognitive dysfunction. SKF83959 hydrobromide can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease and depression[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 67287-95-0
  • MF: C18H21BrClNO2
  • MW: 398.72200
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RP101442

RP101442, an active metabolite of Ozanimod, is a selective, potent S1PR1 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1) agonist, with EC50s of 2.6 nM and 171 nM for S1PR1 and S1PR5, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 1306761-08-9
  • MF: C23H22N4O3
  • MW: 402.45
  • Catalog: LPL Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate

(S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate, an enantiomer, is a potent M2-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist (pA2 = 7.86/7.74; pKi = 7.78). (S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate shows lower affinities for the muscarinic M1 (pA2 = 6.83/6.36; pKi = 7.08), the M3 (pA2 = 6.92/6.96; pKi = 6.70) and the M4 receptors (pKi = 7.00), respectively. (S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate also is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist (pA2 = 7.8)[1].

  • CAS Number: 136152-65-3
  • MF: C24H28N2O4
  • MW: 408.490
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cosalane

Cosalane (NSC 658586) is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication. Cosalane has an intrinsic ability to block human and murine CCR7 function in vitro in response to both of its natural ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, with the IC50 of 0.207/2.66 μM in human for CCL19/CCL21 and 0.193/1.98 μM in murine, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 154212-56-3
  • MF: C45H60Cl2O6
  • MW: 767.86000
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: 1.191g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 797.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 436.1ºC

SUN B8155

SUN B8155, a non-peptide agonist of calcitonin (CT) receptor, selectively mimics the biological actions of calcitonin. Calcitonin, a 32-amino acid peptide hormone secreted mainly from the thyroid gland, plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis[1].

  • CAS Number: 345893-91-6
  • MF: C14H15N3O3
  • MW: 273.28700
  • Catalog: CGRP Receptor
  • Density: 1.34g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 419ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 207.2ºC

PROTAC K-Ras Degrader-1

PROTAC K-Ras Degrader-1 (Compound 518) is potent K-Ras degrader based PROTAC, exhibits ≥70% degradation efficacy in SW1573 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2378258-52-5
  • MF: C53H62N10O10
  • MW: 999.12
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fasitibant chloride

Fasitibant chloride (MEN16132 free base) is a potent and selective nonpeptide bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) antagonist. Fasitibant chloride reduces joint pain and diminishes joint oedema in Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1157852-02-2
  • MF: C36H49Cl3N6O6S
  • MW: 764.78200
  • Catalog: Bradykinin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pramipexole-d5

Pramipexole-d5 is the deuterium labeled Pramipexole[1]. Pramipexole is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively. Pramipexole can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS)[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1217975-28-4
  • MF: C10H12D5N3S
  • MW: 216.36
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(D-Arg0,Hyp3,D-Phe7)-Bradykinin trifluoroacetate salt

NPC-567 is a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. NPC-567 is effective in inhibiting the acute response to allergen in the airways[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 109333-26-8
  • MF: C60H87N19O13
  • MW: 1282.45
  • Catalog: Bradykinin Receptor
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Scopolamine N-oxide hydrobromide

Scopolamine N-oxide hydrobromide is an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine.

  • CAS Number: 6106-81-6
  • MF: C17H22BrNO5
  • MW: 319.352
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 137ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

oxprenolol

Oxprenolol (Ba 39089 free base) is an orally bioavailable β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist with a Ki of 7.10 nM in a radioligand binding assay using rat heart muscle[1].

  • CAS Number: 6452-71-7
  • MF: C15H23NO3
  • MW: 265.34800
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.0479 (rough estimate)
  • Boiling Point: 408.57°C (rough estimate)
  • Melting Point: 78-80°
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tyr-(D-Dab4,Arg5,D-Trp8)-cyclo-Somatostatin-14 (4-11) trifluoroacetate salt

Tyr-(D-Dab4,Arg5,D-Trp8)-cyclo-Somatostatin-14 (4-11) is a somatostatin agonist that can be used in cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 496849-46-8
  • MF: C67H85N15O11
  • MW: 1276.49
  • Catalog: Somatostatin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carbacyclin

Carbacyclin is a PGI2 analogue, acts as a prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor agonist and vasodilator, and potently inhibits platelet aggregation.

  • CAS Number: 69552-46-1
  • MF: C21H34O4
  • MW: 350.492
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 514.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 65-67 °C
  • Flash Point: 279.2±26.6 °C

Norbinaltorphimine dihydrochloride

Norbinaltorphimine dihydrochloride is a potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 113158-34-2
  • MF: C40H45Cl2N3O6
  • MW: 734.71
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MCH-1 antagonist 1

MCH-1 antagonist 1 is a potent melanin concentrating hormone (MCH-1) antagonist with a Ki of 2.6 nM. MCH-1 antagonist 1 also inhibits CYP3A4 with an IC50 of 10 μM.

  • CAS Number: 1039825-68-7
  • MF: C25H26N4O2
  • MW: 414.50000
  • Catalog: MCHR1 (GPR24)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adenosine receptor inhibitor 1

Adenosine receptor inhibitor 1 is a potent and selective adenosine receptor (AR) inhibitor with Ki values of >1000, 68.5, >1000, >1000 nM for A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, A3AR, respectively. Adenosine receptor inhibitor 1 shows antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory effect and peripheral analgesic effect. Adenosine receptor inhibitor 1 has the potential for the research of cancer or neurodegenerative diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2550400-52-5
  • MF: C17H19ClFN5O3
  • MW: 395.82
  • Catalog: Adenosine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A