The immune system has evolved to survey and respond appropriately to the universe of foreign pathogens, deploying an intricate repertoire of mechanisms that keep responses to host tissues in check. The immune system is typically divided into two categories--innate and adaptive. Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. Adaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response. The antigen first must be processed and recognized, and then the adaptive immune system creates an army of immune cells specifically designed to attack that antigen. For the adaptive immune system, specificity and sensitivity are provided by a large repertoire of antigen T-cell receptors (TCRs) constructed in their extracellular domain to recognize antigenic peptide fragments restricted and presented by histocompatibility complex molecules, and coupled through intracellular domains to signal transduction modules that serve to transmit environmental cues inside the cell.

Inflammation is triggered when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by triggering activation of NF-κB, AP1, CREB, c/EBP, and IRF transcription factors. Induction of genes encoding enzymes, chemokines, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and regulators of the extracellular matrix promotes the recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Besides resolving infection and injury, chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer.

Immunity has a major impact on inflammatory diseases and cancer, and biologics targeting immune cells and their factors. Immunosuppressant drugs suppress, or reduce, the strength of the body’s immune system, and have been used in the treatment of organ transplantation or autoimmunine diseases. Immunomodulator drugs have contributed to the significant improvement against cancer and other related diseases.

References:
[1] Sakaguchi S, et al. Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Mar;90(3):277-87. doi: 10.1038/icb.2012.4.
[2] Newton K, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Mar; 4(3): a006049.
[3] Bartneck M. Macromol Biosci. 2017 Apr 6. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201700021.


Anti-infection >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
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NF-κB >
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Others >
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Immethridine 2HBr

Immethridine dihydrobromide is a selective histamine H3 receptor (H3R) agonist. Immethridine dihydrobromide displays 300-fold selectivity over the H4 receptor and does not bind to H1 or H2 receptors. Immethridine dihydrobromide can be used for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) research[1].

  • CAS Number: 699020-93-4
  • MF: C9H11Br2N3
  • MW: 321.01200
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BMS-37

BMS-37 is a PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. BMS-37 can be used as PD-L1 ligand to synthesize PROTAC molecules[1].

  • CAS Number: 1675202-20-6
  • MF: C27H32N2O4
  • MW: 448.55
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SKI-I

SKI-I is a potent and selective inhibitor of human sphingosine kinase (SK), with an IC50 of 1.2 μM for ST-hSK. SKI-I also inhibits hERK2 (IC50=11 μM). SKI-I induces apoptosis in tumor cell lines[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 306301-68-8
  • MF: C25H18N4O2
  • MW: 406.43600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Thioperamide

Thioperamide (MR-12842) is a potent, orally available, brain penetrant and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 4.3 nM for inhibition of [3H]histamine release. Thioperamide inhibits [3H]histamine synthesis with a Ki of 31 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 106243-16-7
  • MF: C15H24N4S
  • MW: 408.515
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.2 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 499.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 255.9ºC

Gefurulimab

Gefurulimab (ALXN-1720) is a human-derived bispecific antibody against complement C5 and albumin that binds C5 and blocks its activation[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Immuno modulator-1

Immuno modulator-1 (compound 22) inhibits TNFα and IL-2 secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC), with IC50 values of 4.7 and 26 nM, respectively. Immuno modulator-1 shows hERG potassium channel blocking effect, with Inhibitory percentage of 20% at 3 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2757469-20-6
  • MF: C32H31FN6O4
  • MW: 582.62
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Buclizine

Buclizine is an orally active antihistamine antiallergic compound. Buclizine is a potent teratogen in the rat and shows anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 82-95-1
  • MF: C28H33ClN2
  • MW: 433.02800
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Indomethacin sodium hydrate

Indomethacin sodium hydrate (Indometacin sodium hydrate) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells[1]. Indomethacin sodium hydrate disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes[2].

  • CAS Number: 74252-25-8
  • MF: C19H21ClNNaO7
  • MW: 357.788
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 499.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 162ºC
  • Flash Point: 255.8±28.7 °C

Vipoglanstat

Vipoglanstat (BI 1029539, GS-248), a carboxamide, is a potent and selective, non-peptide and orally active small molecular inhibitor of human prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1). Vipoglanstat (BI 1029539, GS-248) also has anti-inflammatory activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1360622-01-0
  • MF: C30H34Cl2F5N5O3
  • MW: 678.52
  • Catalog: PGE synthase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mebhydrolin napadisylate

Mebhydrolin napadisylate is a specific histamine H1 receptor antagonist.

  • CAS Number: 6153-33-9
  • MF: C48H48N4O6S2
  • MW: 841.048
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 0.9799 (rough estimate)
  • Boiling Point: 457.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 280°C (rough estimate)
  • Flash Point: 230.4ºC

bendazol

Bendazol is a hypotensive drug which can also enhance NO synthase activity in renal glomeruli and collecting tubules.

  • CAS Number: 621-72-7
  • MF: C14H12N2
  • MW: 208.258
  • Catalog: NO Synthase
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 453.5±24.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 187ºC
  • Flash Point: 252.1±9.3 °C

Semapimod

Semapimod, an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production, can inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Semapimod inhibits TLR4 signaling (IC50≈0.3 μM). Semapimod inhibits p38 MAPK and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Semapimod has potential in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 352513-83-8
  • MF: C34H52N18O2
  • MW: 744.90
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: 1.39
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OSM-SMI-8

OSM-SMI-8 (NSC642624) is a potent OSM (oncostatin M) antagonist. OSM-SMI-8 has the potential for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1689690-20-7
  • MF: C28H20N2O4S2
  • MW: 512.60
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Talacotuzumab

Talacotuzumab (JNJ 56022473; CSL 362) is an IgG1-type fully humanized, CD123-neutralizing monoclonal antibody containing a modified Fc structure. Talacotuzumab has KDs of 0.43 nM, 188 nM, 46 nM, 16.8 nM for CD123, CD32b/c, CD16-158F, CD16-158V, respectively. Talacotuzumab inhibits IL-3 binding to CD123, antagonizing IL-3 signaling in target cells. Talacotuzumab has mutated the Fc region to increase affinity for CD16 (FcγRIIIa), thereby enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Talacotuzumab is highly effective in vivo reducing leukemic cell growth in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) xenograft mouse models[1][2][3][4].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CU-CPT17e

CU-CPT17e is a multi-Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist that activates TLR3, TLR8, and TLR9.

  • CAS Number: 2109805-75-4
  • MF: C27H24N2O8
  • MW: 504.49
  • Catalog: Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sasanlimab

Sasanlimab (PF-06801591) is a humanized IgG4-κ antibody targeting PD-1. Mainly expressed by CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride

Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with anti-inflammatory effect. Chitohexaose binds to the active sites of TLR4 and inhibits LPS induced inflammation[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 127171-88-4
  • MF: C36H74Cl6N6O25
  • MW: 1203.72
  • Catalog: Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ketotifen-d3 fumarate

Ketotifen-d3 (HC 20511-d3) fumarate is the deuterium labeled Ketotifen fumarate. Ketotifen (HC 20511) fumarate is a second-generation noncompetitive H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer, which is used to prevent asthma attacks[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1795138-23-6
  • MF: C23H20D3NO5S
  • MW: 428.52
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GIBH-130

GIBH-130 is an effective inhibitor of neuroinflammation. GIBH-130 significantly suppresses the IL-1β secretion by activated microglia (IC50=3.4 nM).

  • CAS Number: 1252608-59-5
  • MF: C20H20N6O
  • MW: 360.41
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TAK-779

TAK-779 is a potent and selective nonpeptide antagonist of CCR5 and CXCR3, with a Ki of 1.1 nM for CCR5, and effectively and selectively inhibits R5 HIV-1, with EC50 and EC90 of 1.2 nM and 5.7 nM, respectively, in MAGI-CCR5 cells.

  • CAS Number: 229005-80-5
  • MF: C33H39ClN2O2
  • MW: 531.128
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GSK-189254

GSK189254A (GSK189254) is a novel, potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with pKi values of 9.59-9.90 and 8.51-9.17 for human and rat H3, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 720690-73-3
  • MF: C21H25N3O2
  • MW: 351.442
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 545.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 283.4±30.1 °C

IRAK4-IN-16

IRAK4-IN-16 (compound 4) is a potent IRAK4 (interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.5 nM. IRAK4-IN-16 shows cytotoxicity activity against OCI-LY10, TMD8, Ramos and HT cells, with IC50 values of 0.2, 0.2, 0.6, and 2.7 μM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 1812188-83-2
  • MF: C17H20F2N8O
  • MW: 390.39
  • Catalog: IRAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Human PD-L1 inhibitor II

Human PD-L1 inhibitor II is a potent PD-L1 inhibitor with anti-cancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2135542-85-5
  • MF: C103H151N25O30
  • MW: 2219.45
  • Catalog: PD-1/PD-L1
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RIG012

RIG012 is a potent RIG-I inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.71 μM using the NADH-coupled ATPase assay. RIG012 inhibits IFN-β and ISG hRsad2 expression[1].

  • CAS Number: 2642218-43-5
  • MF: C23H21NO3
  • MW: 359.42
  • Catalog: IFNAR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TLR7/8 agonist 3

TLR7/8 agonist 3 is a potent TLR7 and TLR8 agonist, extracted from patent WO2016057618 (compound of formula (II))[1].

  • CAS Number: 642473-95-8
  • MF: C17H23N5O
  • MW: 313.39700
  • Catalog: Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LOXOPROFEN SODIUM SALT

Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal, orally active anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate can reduce atherosclerosis and shows antitumor activity[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 226721-96-6
  • MF: C15H21NaO5
  • MW: 304.31400
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 198 °C(dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nanrilkefusp alfa

Nanrilkefusp alfa (SO-C101; SOT101) is fusion protein, is a selective and potent agonist fusion protein of IL-15 and IL-15Rα sushi+ domain. Nanrilkefusp alfa inhibits tumor by inducing proliferation and activation of memory CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, γ/δ T cells and NKT cells. Nanrilkefusp alfa exhibits excellent anti-metastatic activity against melanoma and suppresses tumor growth in various mouse tumor models[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IRAK inhibitor 4

IRAK inhibitor 4 is an interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4(IRAK4) inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 1012104-68-5
  • MF: C33H35F3N6O3
  • MW: 620.66500
  • Catalog: IRAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IL-17 modulator 3

IL-17 modulator 3 is an IL-17 modulator (US20200247785A1). IL-17 modulator 3 can be used for the research of inflammation, cancer and autoimmune diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2467731-88-8
  • MF: C31H45N7O4
  • MW: 579.73
  • Catalog: Interleukin Related
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UR-8880

Cimicoxib (CX) is an orally active potent and selective COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) inhibitor. Cimicoxib exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The PK parameters of Cimicoxib in dogs given precise (2 mg/kg) and approximate doses (1.95-2.5 mg/kg) are similar[1].

  • CAS Number: 265114-23-6
  • MF: C16H13ClFN3O3S
  • MW: 381.81
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: 1.49g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 593.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 312.5ºC