NCI126224 is a TLR4 signaling inhibitor. NCI126224 suppress LPS (HY-D1056)-induced production of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO in the nanomolar-low micromolar range. NCI126224 can be used for the research of inflammatory diseases[1].
E6446 is a potent and orally acitve TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist, used in the research of deleterious inflammatory responses.
Gardiquimod, an imidazoquinoline analog, is a TLR7/8 agonist. Gardiquimod could inhibit HIV-1 infection of macrophages and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Gardiquimod specifically activates TLR7 when used at concentrations below 10 μM[1][2].
Fosfenopril is a potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Fosfenopril alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling in monocytes[1][2].
A potent TLR7 agonist with EC50 of 59 nM.
UC-1V150 is a specific TLR7 (Toll-like receptor) agonist that stimulates cellular immune responses and has anti-tumor activity. UC-1V150 can be used to synthesize ISAC (Immune-Stimulating Antibody Conjugates) molecule[1][2].
Chloroquine (diphosphate) is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs).
Cavrotolimod is an immunostimulatory spherical nucleic acid (SNA) modified with type B CpG oligonucleotides designed to agonize TLR9 and elicit immune responses useful in oncology applications.
CU-CPD107 is a TLR8-specific small molecule with unique synergistic agonist activities in the presence of ssRNA, but inactive without the aid of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 significantly inhibited of R848-induced signaling in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells with an IC50 of 13.7 uM.CU-CPD107 only inhibited synthesized small-molecule agonist-induced TLR8 signaling without affecting other TLRs.CU-CPD107 synergistically increased IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression levels in the presence of 5 μg/ml ssRNA40 in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells, whereas CU-CPD107 alone did not. CU-CPD107 only activated TLR8-mediated signaling in the presence of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 showed no pure agonistic activity, addressing a major challenge that has existed for previous TLR7 and TLR8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants or antiviral drugs.
Vidutolimod (CMP-001) is a CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotide. Vidutolimod is a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, which activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and triggers interferon alpha (IFNα) release, leading to a cascade of anti-tumor immune effects.
TLR7 agonist 15 (compound 16b) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 15 potently induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations[1].
TLR7/8 agonist 7 (compound 10) is a TLR7/8 agonist. TLR7/8 agonist 7 activates a variety of immune cells and it can be used to synthesize immune stimulating antibody conjugate (ISAC) molecules. TLR7/8 agonist 7 can be used for the research of immunity[1].
TLR 7 agonist 1 is a potent, selective and oral TLR7 agonist with an IC50 of 90 nM.
Agatolimod (ODN 2006), a class B ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR9 agonist. Agatolimod is also an optimal CpG sequence for humans. Agatolimod stimulates very strong production of NO2 and IL-6 in HD11 cells. Agatolimod can be used for breast cancer research. Sequence: 5'-tcgtcgttttgtcgttttgtcgtt-3'[1][2].
AZD8848 is a selective toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) antedrug agonist which is developed for the research of asthma and allergic rhinitis[1].
CU-CPT-8m is a specific TLR8 antagonist, with an IC50 of 67 nM.
Monophosphoryl lipid A (Glucopyranosyl lipid A) is a toll-like receptor 4 agonist. Monophosphoryl lipid A is derived from the cell wall of nonpathogenic Salmonella. Monophosphoryl lipid A can be used for the research of immunization and vaccine[1].
RS 09 is a TLR4 agonist. RS 09 promotes NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces inflammatory cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. RS 09 acts as an adjuvant in vivo; RS 09 enhances X-15 specific antibody serum concentrations, when administered with X-15-KLH in mice.
CU-115 is a potent TLR8 antagonist (IC50=1.04 µM), and shows selective for TLR8 over TLR7 (IC50=>50 µM). CU-115 decreases TNF-α and IL-1β production activated by R-848 in THP-1 cells[1].
E104 (compound 1) is a potent and selective TLR7 agonist. E104 can be delivered by antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology to elicit potent anticancer activity. E104 induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs[1].
TLR8 agonist 6 (Compound A) is a TLR8 agonist, with an EC50 of 0.052 μM. TLR8 agonist 6 induces IL-12p40 production in human PBMC (EC50: 0.031 μM). TLR8 agonist 6 can be used in the research of virus resistance, infection resistance, autoimmunity, tumor, etc[1].
ODN 1018 (1018 ISS), an oligodeoxynucleotide, is a TLR-9 agonist. ODN 1018 is also a synthetic immunostimulatory sequence that can be used as vaccine adjuvant. Sequence: 5′-TGACTGTGAACGTTCGAGATGA-3′[1][2].
AT791 is a novel orally available, small molecule inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9 with IC50 of 3.33 uM and 0.04 uM respectively, inhibits DNA-TLR9 interaction in vitro; shows weak activity against TLR4 (IC50>10 uM); potently inhibits IL-6 production induced by CpG2216 and suppresses both IL-6 and α-interferon production induced by CpG oligo.
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is a synthetic antimalarial drug which can also inhibit Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling.
Telratolimod is a toll like receptors 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist, with antitumor activity.
β-D-glucan is a natural non-digestible polysaccharide and high biocompatibility that can be selectively recognized by recognition receptors such as Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptors as well as being easily internalized by murine or human macrophages, which is likely to attribute to a target delivery[1]. β-d-glucan is an enteric delivery vehicle for probiotics[2].
TH1020 is a potent and selective toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)/flagellin complex antagonist with an IC50 of 0.85 μM. TH1020 inhbits flagellin-induced TLR5 signaling. TH1020 is inactive against TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8[1].
Stepharine, an natural alkaloid, directly interactes with TLR4 and binds to the TLR4/MD2 complex (TLR4 inhibitor). Stepharine possesses anti-aging, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive effects[1].
Tilsotolimod is a synthetic Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist that has demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models.
Motolimod is a selective Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonist, with an EC50 of approximately 100 nM.