Azelnidipine(CS 905; Calblock) is a novel dihydropyridine derivative, a L-type calcium channel blocker, and an antihypertensive.IC50 value:Target: L-type calcium channelAcute administration of azelnidipine prevents a sudden drop of cardiac function after acute stress. Azelnidipine may have a protective role in inflammation associated with atherosclerosis.
Nexopamil racemate is the racemate of Nexopamil. Nexopamil is a combined Ca2+/5-HT2 antagonist on thrombus formation in vivo and on platelet aggregation in vitro.
Dantrolene sodium is a inhibitor of calcium channel proteins, inhibiting the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm. Dantrolene sodium is a skeletal muscle relaxant which acts by blocking muscle contraction beyond the neuromuscular junction.
Gomisin J is a small molecular weight lignan found in Schisandra chinensis and has been demonstrated to have vasodilatory activity[1]. Gomisin J suppresses lipid accumulation by regulating the expression of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes and inflammatory molecules through activation of AMPK, LKB1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and inhibition of fetuin-A in HepG2 cells. gomisin J has potential benefits in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[2].
Norfluoxetine hydrochloride is an active N-demethylated metabolite of Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor that is metabolized to Norfluoxetine hydrochloride by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Norfluoxetine hydrochloride inhibits 5-HT uptake and inhibits CaV3.3 T current (IC50 = 5 μM). Norfluoxetine hydrochloride has anticonvulsant activity[1][2][3][4].
Praeruptorin C is a main bioactive constituent of Peucedanum praeruptorum (also known as Bai-Hua Qian Hu). Praeruptorin C is a calcium antagonist with pD2′ value of 5.7[1].
Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) dihydrochloride is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil dihydrochloride is also a potent Ca2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator[1][2][3].
(+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4].
Budiodarone (ATI-2042) is an analogue of Amiodarone (HY-14187) with a half-life of 7 h. Budiodarone inhibits sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels. Budiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent and can be used for the research of atrial fibrillation[1].
ω-Conotoxin CVID (Leconotide, AM336, CNSB004) blocks neuronal voltage sensitive calcium channel[1].
Ned-K is a nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) antagonist. Ned-K is effective at dampening simulated ischaemia and reperfusion (sIR)-induced Ca2+ oscillations in cardiomyocytes[1].
Ethacrynic acid (Etacrynic acid sodium) sodium is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid sodium is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid sodium is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid sodium also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid sodium has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice[1][2][3][4].
Felodipine-d5 is deuterium labeled Felodipine. Felodipine, a dihydropyridine, is a potent, vasoselective calcium channel antagonist. Felodipine lowers blood pressure (BP) by selective action on vascular smooth muscle, especially in the resistance vessels. Felodipine, an anti-hypertensive agent, induces autophagy. Felodipine can cross the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
Flavoxate is a potent and competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Flavoxate is an antispasmodic agent and muscarinic mAChR antagonist. Flavoxate shows moderate calcium antagonistic activity and local anesthetic effect. Flavoxate can be used for the research of overactive bladder (OAB) and lower urinary tract infections[1][2].
Lercanidipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class.Target: Calcium ChannelLercanidipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class, which works by relaxing and opening the blood vessels allowing the blood to circulate more freely around the body. Lercanidipine was effective and well-tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension in the daily practice. The effectiveness and safety of the drug were independent of the degree of cardiovascular risk [1, 2].
MPC1304 is a Ca2+ channel antagonist with potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effects.
Catharanthine Tartrate is an alkaloid isolated from Madagascar periwinkle, inhibits voltage-operated L-type Ca2+ channel, with anti-cancer and blood pressure-lowering activity[1].
Calcium ionophore I (ETH 1001) is a selective Ca2+ ionophore for biological membranes. Calcium ionophore I can be used in Ca2+-selective microelectrodes that can be used for quantitative intracellular measurements of resting Ca2+-activities and of slowly changing Ca2+-levels[1][2].
L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
Nemadipine-A is a specific inhibitor of the EGL-19 L-type Ca2+ channel[1]. Nemadipine-A, a cell-permeable L-type calcium channel inhibitor, sensitizes TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to this ligand[2].
Ginsenoside Ro exhibits a Ca2+-antagonistic antiplatelet effect with an IC50 of 155 μM. Ginsenoside Ro reduces the production of TXA2 more than it reduces the activities of COX-1 and TXAS.
Nicardipine D3 hydrochloride (YC-93 D3) is the deuterium labeled Nicardipine hydrochloride. Nicardipine hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine hydrochloride acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure[1].
Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) is an alkaloid isolated from Glaucium flavum Crantz with antitussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Glaucine is a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with Kis of 3.4 µM in human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glaucine is also a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, a Ca2+ entry blocker, and a weak dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. Glaucine has antioxidative and antiviral activities[1][2][3].
ML218 is a selective T-type calcium channel inhibitor with IC50s of 270 and 310 nM for Cav3.3 and Cav3.2 in electrophysiology assay, respectively.
Efonidipine(NZ-105) Hcl monoethanolate is a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB).IC50 value: Target: calcium channel blockerin vitro: Efonidipine and nifedipine, but not other examined CCBs, also increased the N(6), 2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP)-induced StAR mRNA, which reflects the action of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and efonidipine and R(-)-efonidipine enhanced the dbcAMP-induced DHEA-S production in NCI-H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells [1]. I(Ca(T)) was blocked mainly by a tonic manner by nifedipine, by a use-dependent manner by mibefradil, and by a combination of both manners by efonidipine. IC50s of these Ca2+ channel antagonists to I(Ca(T)) and L-type Ca2+ channel current (I(Ca(L))) were 1.2 micromol/l and 0.14 nmol/l for nifedipine; 0.87 and 1.4 micromol/l for mibefradil, and 0.35 micromol/l and 1.8 nmol/l for efonidipine, respectively [4].in vivo: Twenty hypertensive patients on chronic hemodialysis were given efonidipine 20-60 mg twice daily and amlodipine 2.5-7.5 mg once daily for 12 weeks each in a random crossover manner. The average blood pressure was comparable between the efonidipine and amlodipine periods (151 + or - 15/77 + or - 8 versus 153 + or - 15/76 + or - 8 mmHg). The pulse rate did not change significantly during the administration periods [2]. In the UM-X7.1 group, EFO treatment significantly attenuated the decrease of LVEF without affecting blood pressure compared with the vehicle group. EFO treatment decreased heart rate (by approximately 10%) in both groups [3].
Fenoverine is an antispasmodic drug and inhibits calcium channel currents[1]. Fenoverine induces rhabdomyolysis[2].
ABT-639 is a novel, peripherally acting, selective T-type Ca2+ channel blocker.
Ranolazine-d8 (CVT 303-d8) is the deuterium labeled Ranolazine. Ranolazine (CVT 303) is an anti-angina drug that achieves its effects by inhibiting the late phase of inward sodium current (INa and IKr with IC50 values of 6 μM and 12 μM, respectively) without affecting heart rate or blood pressure (BP)[1][2]. Ranolazine is also a partial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor[3]. Antianginal agent.
α-Conotoxin PeIA is an analgesic α-conotoxin.α-Conotoxin PeIA inhibits the α6β4, α9α10 and α3β2 nAChR.α-Conotoxin PeIA is also a potent inhibitor of N-type calcium channel via GABAB receptor activation[1][2][3].
Verapamil ((±)-Verapamil) is a calcium channel blocker and a potent and orally active first-generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Verapamil also inhibits CYP3A4. Verapamil has the potential for high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and angina treatment[1][2][3].