Donepezil-d5 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Donepezil (Hydrochloride). Donepezil Hydrochloride (E2020) is a reversible, selective AChE inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.7 nM for AChE activity. Donepezil shows high selectivity for AChE over BuChE[1]. Donepezil exhibits neuroprotective effect on Aβ42 neurotoxicity[2].
BNC375 is a potent, selective, and orally available type I positive allosteric modulator of α7 nAChRs with an EC50 of 1.9 μM[1].
Piperidolate hydrochloride is an antimuscarinic, inhibits intestinal cramp induced by acetylcholine (rats and dogs).
(R)-3C4HPG is an NMDA receptor antagonist[1].
Depramine (GP 31406) is a tricyclic antidepressant with pharmacologically activity. Depramine inhibits acetylcholinesterase，Mg2+-ATPase，and Na+/K+ ATPase activity[1][2].
Tiotropium Bromide hydrate is an anticholinergic and bronchodilator and a muscarinic receptor antagonist.Target: mAChRTiotropium bromide (Ba 679 BR) is a novel potent and long-lasting muscarinic antagonist that has been developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD). Binding studies with [3H]tiotropium bromide in human lung have confirmed that this is a potent muscarinic antagonist with equal affinity for M1-, M2- and M3-receptors and is approximately 10-fold more potent than ipratropium bromide. In vitro tiotropium bromide has a potent inhibitory effect against cholinergic nerve-induced contraction of guinea-pig and human airways, that has a slower onset than atropine or ipratropium bromide. tiotropium bromide dissociates slowly from M3-receptors (on airway smooth muscle) but rapidly from M2 autoreceptors (on cholinergic nerve terminals) [1]. Tiotropium bromide is a quaternary ammonium derivative that binds to muscarinic receptors. However, although tiotropium binds with high affinity to muscarinic receptors of M1-, M2- and M3-subtypes, it dissociates very slowly from M1- and M3-receptors but more rapidly from M2-receptors, thereby giving it a unique kinetic selectivity [2].
BNC210 (H-Ile-Trp-OH; IW-2143) is a α7 nAChR negative allosteric modulator. BNC210 has potent activity in animal models of anxiety and depression[1].
Ropinirole-d7 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Ropinirole hydrochloride[1]. Ropinirole (SKF 101468) hydrochloride is an orally active, potent D3/D2 receptor agonist with a Ki of 29 nM for D2 receptor. Ropinirole hydrochloride has pEC50s of 7.4, 8.4 and 6.8 for hD2, hD3 and hD4 receptors, respectively. Ropinirole hydrochloride has no affinity for the D1 receptors. Ropinirole hydrochloride has the potential for Parkinson's disease[2][3].
Sumanirole maleate(PNU 95666E; U95666E) is a highly selective D2 receptor full agonist with an ED50 of about 46 nM.IC50 value: 46 nM (EC50)Target: D2 receptorSumanirole was developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome. While it has never been approved for medical use. Sumanirole is a highly valuable tool compound for basic research to identify neurobiological mechanisms that are based on a dopamine D2-linked (vs. D1, D3, D4, and D5-linked) mechanism of action.
SD-6 is an orally active inhibitor of hAChE and hBChE with IC50 values of 0.907 µM and 1.579 µM, respectively. SD-6 has excellent blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and no neurotoxicity, which can be used for research on Alzheimer's disease[1].
Leumorphin, human is a potent kappa opioid receptor (κ opioid receptor) agonist. Leumorphin, human inhibits the contraction of the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig ileum[1].
Jatrorrhizine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities[1]. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide is a potent and orally active inhibitor of AChE (IC50=872 nM) over >115-fold selectivity for BuChE[2]. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide reduces uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of uptake-2 transporters[3].
Emraclidine is a muscarinic M4 receptor positive allosteric modulator (WO2018002760, compound 11). Emraclidine can be used for the research of neurological diseases[1].
VU0467154 is a positive allosteric modulator of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), potentiating the response to ACh with pEC50s of 7.75, 6.2 and 6 for rat, human and cynomolgus monkey M4 receptor, respectively.
Cyclopentolate (DL-Cyclopentolate) hydrochloride is an anti-muscarinic agent commonly used in the ophthalmologic practice. Cyclopentolate hydrochloride is an Atropine-like muscarinic receptors antagonist with a pKB value of 7.8 (on the circular ciliary muscle)[1][2].
Imnopitant is a NK1 receptor antagonist (WO2020132716, compound 1) [1].
Loreclezole, an antiepileptic compound, is a selective GABAA receptor modulator and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of β2 or β3-subunit containing receptors[1][2].
Fenoldopam(SKF 82526) mesylate is a drug and synthetic benzazepine derivative which acts as a selective D1 receptor partial agonist.Target: D1 ReceptorFenoldopam is a selective dopamine-1 (DA1) agonist with natriuretic/diuretic properties. Fenoldopam stimulated cAMP accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, an effect which could be blocked by the DA1-selective antagonist Sch 23390. Although fenoldopam was more potent than DA (EC50 55.5 +/- 7.75 nM vs. 1.65 +/- 0.64 microM) in stimulating cAMP accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells, the maximum stimulation obtained by fenoldopam was only 37% of the maximum stimulation obtained by DA(Emax 13.0 +/- 2.95 pmol/mg of protein vs. 35.6 +/- 10.19 pmol/mg of protein) [1]. Fenoldopam is a selective dopamine1 (DA1) receptor agonist. Most of the DA1 receptor agonist activity of fenoldopam resides in the R-enantiomer, which also shows weaker alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity Fenoldopam produces vasodilation in vascular beds that are rich in vascular DA1 receptors [2].
PSEM 89S TFA is a selective and brain penetrant agonists for the resulting ion channels. PSEM 89S TFA is orthogonally selective for Q79G and L141F, respectively[1].
Befiradol (F13640) is a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist.
GABAA receptor agent 5 (compound 018) is a potent γ-GABAAR antagonist with an Ki of 0.020 µM. GABAA receptor agent 5 shows γ-GABAAR antagonist activity with low cellular membrane permeability[1].
Pseudoisocyanine (iodide) is a pan inhibitor of monoamine transporters and organic cation transporters with antidepressant-like activity[1].
Dihydro-β-erythroidine is a a competitive nicotinic receptor antagonist. Dihydro-β-erythroidine blocks the discriminative stimulus properties of nicotine. Dihydro-β-erythroidine inhibits the anxiolytic effect of nicotine induced[1][2].
Naronapride (ATI-7505) is a potent prokinetic 5-HT4 receptor agonist. Naronapride can be used for gastrointestinal diseases research[1].
GBR 12935 is a potent, and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor.IC50 value: Target: dopamine reuptake inhibitorin vitro: The calculated Kd of [3H]GBR-12935 binding to CYP2D6 was 42.2 nM, indicating that GBR-12935 has a high affinity for CYP2D6. The binding of [3H]GBR-12935 to CYP2D6 was decreased partially by substrates or inhibitors of CYP2D isoforms (quinine, quinidine, propranolol, bufuralol, imipramine, and desipramine) [1]. Co-perfusion of 100 microM GBR 12909 or GBR 12935 with either 100 microM sulpiride or raclopride produced a significant reduction in the GBR 12909 or GBR 12935 induced increase in the extracellular levels of dopamine to basal levels. In vitro, GBR 12909 (1-9 nM) dose-dependently inhibited active uptake of [3H]dopamine in homogenates of the nucleus accumbens [2].in vivo: GBR 12935 elevated locomotion to a greater extent in C57BL/6J mice at the maximally active dose of 10 mg/kg. Locomotor stimulation by GBR 12935 remained consistent in both strains with repeated injections. DBA/2J mice became sensitized to cocaine-induced stereotypy with repeated injections. Cocaine induced no stereotypy in C57BL/6J mice on any test day. No stereotypies were induced by GBR 12935 in either strain on any test day [3].
GR203040 is an orally active NK1 receptor antagonist with a pKi of 10.3. GR203040 shows potent antiemetic activity[1].
LY3130481 is an AMPA receptor antagonist that is dependent upon transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP) γ-8, selective inhibits AMPA/TARP γ-8 with an IC50 of 65 nM[1].
Agomelatine is a competitive antagonist of human and porcine serotonin (5-HT2C) receptors (pKi = 6.2 and 6.4, respectively) as well as human 5-HT2B receptors (pKi = 6.6). IC50 value: 6.2 (pKi, 5-HT2c); 6.6 (pKi, 5-HT2b)Target: 5-HT2C Receptor; 5-HT2B receptorIt is classified as a norepinephrine-dopamine disinhibitor (NDDI) due to its antagonism of the 5-HT2C receptor. Activation of 5-HT2C receptors by serotonin inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine release. Antagonism of 5-HT2C results in an enhancement of DA and NE release and activity of frontocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways. Agomelatine is also a potent agonist at melatonin receptors which makes it the first melatonergic antidepressant. Agomelatine is an antidepressant drug.
Volinanserin-d4 (MDL100907-d4) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Volinanserin hydrochlorid. Volinanserin is a potent and selective antagonist of 5-HT2 receptor, with a Ki of 0.36 nM, and shows 300-fold selectivity for 5-HT2 receptor over 5-HT1c, alpha-1 and DA D2 receptors. Volinanserin has antipsychotic activity[1][2].
Iloperidone(HP 873) is a D2/5-HT2 receptor antagonist, which is an atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT receptor; D2 receptorIloperidone (HP 873) is a compound currently in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia. Iloperidone displays affinity for dopamine D2 receptors and for 5-HT2A receptors and has a variety of in vivo activities suggestive of an atypical antipsychotic. Iloperidone displayed higher affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor (Ki = 7.1 nM) than for the dopamine D4 receptor (Ki = 25 nM). Iloperidone displayed high affinity for the 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors (Ki = 42.7 and 21.6 nM, respectively), and was found to have higher affinity for the 5-HT2A (Ki = 5.6 nM) than for the 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 42.8 nM) [1]. Iloperidone was eliminated slowly, with a mean t1/2 of 13.5 to 14.0 hours. Coadministration with food did not significantly affect AUC, tmax, or Cmax. These results indicate that the rate of iloperidone's absorption is decreased, but the overall bioavailability is unchanged, when the drug is taken with food. Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and somnolence were the most commonly reported adverse events [2]. Iloperidone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are presented herein, together with an evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy results [3].Clinical indications: Post traumatic stress disorder; Schizophrenia Toxicity: Commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and two-fold greater than placebo) were: dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, tachycardia, and weight increased.