Haloperidol D4 is deuterium labeled haloperidol, and the latter is a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist.
Acetamiprid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Acetamiprid. Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Acetamiprid is a nAChR agonist[1].
GV-196771A is the sodium salt form of GV196771, is an NMDA receptor antagonist.
Ro 10-5824 dihydrochloride is a selective dopamine D4 receptor partial agonist, with Ki of 5.2 nM.
Ondansetron-d3 (GR 38032-d3) hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Ondansetron hydrochloride. Ondansetron hydrochloride (GR 38032 hydrochloride) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as anantiemetic (to treat nausea and vomiting), often following chemotherapy[1][2].
[Arg14,Lys15]Nociceptin is a highly potent and selective NOP receptor agonist, with an EC50 of 1 nM. [Arg14,Lys15]Nociceptin displays high selectivity over opioid receptors, with IC50s of 0.32, 280, >10000 and 1500 nM for NOP (ORL1; OP4), μ, δ and κ receptors, respectively[1].
Nitrocaramiphen hydrochloride is a selective M1 receptor antagonist (Ki: 5.5 nM). Nitrocaramiphen Hydrochloride inhibits the hyperpolarizing effect of muscarine in the muscle fibers[1][2][3].
PNU-282987 (free base) (Compound C7) is a potent α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with an EC50 of 154 nM. PNU-282987 (free base) is also a functional antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor with an IC50 of 4541 nM[1].
Litoxetine (SL 81.0385) is a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor. Litoxetine is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 85 nM for cerebral 5-HT3 receptors. Litoxetine is an antidepressant and has antiemetic properties[1].
LU-32-176B, a GABA transporter 1(GAT1) selective inhibitor, is found to exert a synergistic anticonvulsant action with GAT2 transport inhibitor EF1502. LU-32-176B inhibits neurons, astrocytes and mGAT1 with the IC50 values of 2μM, 1μM, 4μM, respectively[1][2].
IEM-1754, a dicationic adamantane derivative, is a potent blocker of open channels of native ionotropic glutamate receptors including quisqualate-sensitive receptors in insect muscles, NMDAR in cultured rat cortical neurons, and AMPAR in freshly isolated hippocampal cells. IEM-1754 shows anticonvulsant potency in vivo[1][2].
Choline (bitartrate) is an essential nutrient, often associated with the B vitamins but not yet officially defined as a B vitamin[1]. Choline (bitartrate) plays an important role in synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine[2].
Chlorprothixene has strong binding affinities to dopamine and histamine receptors, such as D1, D2, D3, D5, H1, 5-HT2, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7, with Ki of 18 nM, 2.96 nM, 4.56 nM, 9 nM, 3.75 nM, 9.4 nM, 3 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively.Target: Dopamine ReceptorChlorprothixene exerts strong binding affinities to the dopamine and histamine receptors, such as D1, D2, D3, D5 and H1 with Ki values of 18nM, 2.96 nM, 4.56 nM, 9 nM and 3.75 nM, respectively, but has little affinity to H3 (Ki >1000 nM) [1]. Chlorprothixene also shows high affinities for both rat 5-HT6 from stably transfected HEK-293 cells, and rat 5-HT7 receptors from transiently expressed COS-7 cells, with Ki values of 3 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively [2].Administration of Chlorprothixene restores normal ceramide concentrations in murine bronchial epithelial cells, reduces inflammation in the lungs of mice with cystic fibrosis (CF) and prevents infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by inhibiting acidsphingomyelinase (Asm) and not neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) [3].
Rotigotine Hydrochloride is a full agonist of dopamine receptor, a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, and an antagonist of the α2B-adrenergic receptor, with Ki of 0.71 nM, 4-15 nM, and 83 nM for the dopamine D3 receptor and D2, D5, D4 receptors, and dopamine D1 receptor.
NRA-0160 is a selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, with a Ki value of 0.48 nM and with negligible affinity for dopamine D2 receptor (Ki: >10000 nM), D3 receptor (Ki: 39 nM), rat 5-HT2A receptor (Ki: 180 nM) and rat α1 adrenoceptor (Ki: 237 nM).
YL0919, a novel antidepressant candidate with dual activity as a 5-HT1A receptor agonist and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,the IC50 values of YL-0919 inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT into rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes and human recombinant cells were 1.78±0.34 nM and 1.93±0.18 nM respectively.target: 5-HT1A receptorIC50:1.78±0.34 nM(rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes)IC50:1.93±0.18 nM(human recombinant cells)[1]"In vivo: WAY-100635 completely antagonized the antidepressant-like activity of YL-0919 in both behavioral models, suggesting that activation of the 5-HT1A receptor is critical in the antidepressant-like effect of YL-0919. The administered dose of WAY-100635 ranged from 0.1–0.3 mg/kg, which reportedly has no effect on locomotor activity and only blocks the activation of 5-HT1A receptor.[2]
Foslevodopa is a dopamine receptor agonist[1].
Adipiplon (NG2-73) is a selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator. Adipiplon is particularly useful in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Mosapride is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT4 agonist.Target: 5HT4 Mosapride is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT4 agonist. The major active metabolite of mosapride, known as M1, additionally acts as a 5HT3 antagonist, which accelerates gastric emptying throughout the whole of the gastrointestinal tract in humans, and is used for the treatment of gastritis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. It is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. at least one hour before food or two hours after food).In addition to its prokinetic properties, mosapride also exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the gastrointestinal tract which may contribute to some of its therapeutic effects. Mosapride also promotes neurogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract which may prove useful in certain bowel disorders. The neurogenesis is due to mosapride's effect on the 5-HT4 receptor where it acts as an agonist.Its common side effects include dry mouth, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, insomnia, malaise, nausea, diarrhoea and sometimes constipation. Unlike some other prokinetic agents, mosapride has little effect on potassium channels, no effect on hERG transfected cells, and no effect on cardiovascular function that could be detected in tests on humans. Due to the pharmacokinetics of mosapride, it would take 1,000 - 3,000 times the therapeutic dose to elicit cardiovascular effects.
Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM.
BIA 10-2474 is an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) with IC50 values of 50 to 70mg/kg in various rat brain regions.
Valnoctamide-d5 (Valmethamide-d5) is the deuterium labeled Valnoctamide. Valnoctamide (Valmethamide), a derivative of valproate, suppresses benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus. Valnoctamide (Valmethamide) acts directly on GABAA receptors[1][2].
Cyclanoline (chloride) shows cholinesterase inhibitory activity[1].
3-Hydroxy agomelatine is a metabolite of Agomelatine. 3-Hydroxy agomelatine is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 3.2 μM and a Ki of 1.8 μM[1].
β-Amyloid (22-35) is a 14-aa peptide, shows aggregates and induces neurotoxicity in the hippocampal cells.
MLGFFQQPKPR-NH2 is a reversed Substance P peptide. Substance P is a neuropeptide[1].
MAPK-IN-1 (Compound 2) is a MAPK signaling pathway inhibitor. MAPK-IN-1 exhibits AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 23.84 μM. MAPK-IN-1 shows anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activity and can be used for Alzheimer's disease research[1].
Salsolidine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, acts as a stereoselective competitive MAO A inhibitor.
Donepezil-d5 is deuterium labeled Donepezil. Donepezil (E2020 free base) is a specific and potent AChE inhibitor with IC50s of 8.12 nM and 11.6 nM for bovine AChE and human AChE, respectively[1].
UBP618 is a GluN1/GluN2 receptors pan-inhibitor.