Pindolol (LB-46) is a nonselective β-blocker with partial beta-adrenergic receptor agonist activity, also functions as a 5-HT1A receptor weak partial agonist / antagonist (Ki=33nM).
Ketanserin is a selective 5-HT receptor antagonist. Ketanserin also blocks hERG current (IhERG) in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=0.11 μM).
Anpirtoline hydrochloride is a hydrochloride of anpirtoline. Anpirtoline is a agonist of 5-HT1B[1].
Quipazine dimaleate is a 5-HT agonist with a Ki value of 1.4 nM for displaces [3H]GR65630 from 5-HT3R in rat. Quipazine dimaleate shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 of 31.64 μM. Quipazine dimaleate behaves as a 5-HT3R antagonist in peripheral models. Quipazine dimaleate can be used for neurological disease research[1][2][3][4].
Asenapine(Org 5222) inhibits adrenergic receptor (α1, α2A, α2B, α2C) with Ki of 0.25-1.2 nM and also inhibits 5-HT receptor (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2C, 5A, 6, 7) with Ki of 0.03-4.0 nM. IC50 Value: 0.25-1.2 nM(Ki for adrenergic receptor); 0.03-4.0 nM(Ki for 5-HT receptor)Target: 5-HT Receptor; Adrenergic ReceptorAsenapine maleate is a 5-HT receptor antagonist (5-HT1A,1B, 5-HT2A, 2B, 2C, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7), a D2 antagonist, and an antipsychotic. Asenapine has a broad receptor affinity profile for most serotonergic, dopaminergic, and adrenergic receptors, with no appreciable affinity for muscarinic receptors. Asenapine may be a helpful treatment option for patients with schizophrenia when weight gain, dyslipidemia, and endocrine abnormalities are a concern.
RS 39604 is a potent, selective, and orally active 5-HT4 receptor antagonist with a pKi of 9.1 in guinea pig striatal membranes. RS 39604 displays a low affinity (pKi<6.5) for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, α1c, D1, D2, M1, M2, AT1, B1 and opioid mu receptors and moderate affinity for δ1, (pKi=6.8) and δ2 (pKi=7.8) sites[1].
SB-215505 is a potent and subtype-selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist with pKi values of 8.3, 6.77, 7.66 for 5-HT2B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, respectively[1]. SB-215505 increases wakefulness and motor activity in rats[2].
Harmine is a natural dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase ((DYRK)) inhibitor with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride is a potent and selective DA D1/D2 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.38 nM and 7 nM for D2 receptor and 5-HT2A, respectively[1][2].
5-HT6/5-HT2A receptor ligand-1 (compound 33) is a dual 5-HT6/5-HT2A receptor antagonist, with a Ki of 2 nM and 11 nM, respectively. 5-HT6/5-HT2A receptor ligand-1 has the potential for neurological and psychiatric disorders research[1].
Felcisetrag (TD-8954) is an orally active, potent and selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist with gastrointestinal prokinetic properties. Felcisetrag has high affinity (pKi =9.4) for human 5-HT4(c) receptors.
BRL-15572 2Hcl is a 5-HT1D receptor antagonist with pKi of 7.9, also shows a considerable affinity at 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors, exhibiting 60-fold selectivity over 5-HT1B receptor. IC50 Value: 7.9(pKi)Target: 5-HT1D Receptorin vitro: BRL-15572 displays high affinity and selectivity for h5-HT1D receptors. BRL-15572 has 60-fold higher affinity for h5-HT1D than 5-HT1B receptors. BRL-15572 binds to h5-HT1B and h5-HT1D receptors with pKB of less than 6 and 7.1, respectively. BRL-15572 stimulates [35S]GTP γ S binding in both cell lines, with potencies that correlated with their receptor binding affinities in both h5-HT1B and h5-HT1D receptor expressing cell lines. BRL-15572 reveals receptor binding affinities for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 with pKi of 7.7, 6.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.6, 7.4, 6.2, 5.9 and 6.3, respectively. In the h5-HT1D cell line, both BRL-15572 (1 μM) shifts the 5-HT concentration response curve with pKB of 7.1, respectively. BRL-15572 does have moderately high affinity at human 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors.in vivo: In diabetic pithed rats, administration of the selective 5-HT1D receptor antagonist BRL-15572 (2 mg/kg) does not modify the decreased HR induced by vagal electrical stimulation. The effects of L-694,247 (50 μg/kg), a selective agonist for non-rodent 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors, on the vagally induced bradycardia are not apparent after pretreatment with BRL-15572.
Aripiprazole (OPC-14597) monohydrate, an atypical antipsychotic, is a potent and high-affinity dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist. Aripiprazole monohydrate is an inverse agonist at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2A receptors and displays partial agonist actions at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, D3, and D4 receptors. Aripiprazole monohydrate can be used for the research of schizophrenia and COVID19[1][2][3][4].
Pizotifen malate is a potent 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, with a high affinity for 5-HT1C binding site.
Tegaserod maleate is a partial agonist of the 5-HT4 receptor; stimulates the peristaltic reflex and accelerates gastrointestinal transit.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT4 agonistIn an in vivo model for peripheral nerve regeneration, mice receiving tegaserod at the site of injury showed enhanced recovery compared to control mice receiving vehicle control as evidenced by functional measurements and histology [1]. Treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1), days 36-42), tegaserod (1 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1), day 43), or the combination of both, reduced visceral hypersensitivity and plasma 5-HT levels [2]. Intravenous or intraduodenal tegaserod (0.3-1.0 mg.kg(-1)) had no inhibitory effect on mesenteric and colonic blood flow. Peroral treatment of rats with alosetron or tegaserod for 7 days did not modify mesenteric haemodynamics at baseline and after blockade of nitric oxide synthesis [3].
A potent, selective, CNS penetrant 5-HT2C receptor agonist with Ki of 3 nM and EC50 of 9 nM, without significant P-gp efflux liability; displays >150-fold selectivity over 5-HT2B receptors agonism (EC50=1484 nM); exhibits good metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (HLM) and moderate to good passive permeability in RRCK cells.
Syk Inhibitor II is a potent, high selective and ATP-competitive Syk inhibitor with an IC50 of 41 nM. Syk Inhibitor II inhibits 5-HT release from RBL-cells with an IC50 of 460 nM. Syk Inhibitor II shows less potent against other kinases and has anti-allergic effect[1].
SB-399885 hydrochloride is a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist.
Eletriptan-d3 (Eletriptan-d3 HBr) is the deuterium labeled Eletriptan hydrobromide. Eletriptan hydrobromide is a selective 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist with Ki of 0.92 nM and 3.14 nM, respectively[1][2].
Piboserod (SB 207266) is a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT4 antagonistin vitro: Piboserod did not modify the basal contractions but concentration-dependently antagonized the ability of 5-HT to enhance bladder strip contractions to EFS. In presence of 1 and 100 nM of piboserod, the maximal 5-HT-induced potentiations were reduced to 45.0+/-7.9 and 38.7+/-8.7%, respectively [1].in vivo: Piboserod significantly increased LVEF by 1.7% vs. placebo (CI 0.3, 3.2, P = 0.020), primarily through reduced end-systolic volume from 165 to 158 mL (P = 0.060). There was a trend for greater increase in LVEF (2.7%, CI -1.1, 6.6, P = 0.15) in a small subset of patients not on chronic beta-blocker therapy. There was no significant effect on neurohormones, quality of life, or exercise tolerance. Patients on piboserod reported more adverse events, but numbers were too small to identify specific safety issues [2]. Pretreatment with potent 5-HT4 ligands dose-dependently reduced striatal SB207145 concentration and the effective dose to achieve 50% receptor occupancy (ED50 ) values were 4.8, 2.0, 7.4, 9.9, 3.8 and 0.02?mg/kg for GR113808, piboserod, prucalopride, RS67333, TD8954 and PF04995274, respectively [3].
SB399885 is a potent, selective, brain penetrant and orally active 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with pKi values 9.11 and 9.02 for human recombinant and native 5-HT6 receptors, respectively. SB399885 has cognitive enhancing properties[1].
Ziprasidone Hcl(CP-88059 Hcl) is a combined 5-HT (serotonin) and dopamine receptor antagonist which exhibits potent effects of antipsychotic activity.Target: 5-HT receptor; Dopamine receptorZiprasidone (hydrochloride) is the salt form of ziprasidone, which possesses an in vitro 5-HT2A/dopamine D2 receptor affinity ratio higher than any clinically available antipsychotic agent. In vivo, ziprasidone antagonizes 5-HT2A receptor-induced head twitch with 6-fold higher potency than for blockade of d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, a measure of central dopamine D2 receptor antagonism. Ziprasidone also has high affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes, which may further enhance its therapeutic potential [1]. Ziprasidone sulfoxide and sulfone were the major metabolites in human serum. The affinities of the sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites for 5-HT2 and D2 receptors are low with respect to ziprasidone, and are thus unlikely to contribute to its antipsychotic effects [2]. Ziprasidone was associated with significant differential adverse effects relative to placebo in BPM, BPD, and schizophrenia with no significant difference in weight gain in all 3 groups. Self-reported somnolence was increased across the 3 conditions. Subjects with BPM were more vulnerable to EPS than those with BPD or schizophrenia [3].Clinical indications: Bipolar I disorder; Bipolar disorder; Mania; SchizophreniaFDA Approved Date: February 2001
Mosapride citrate is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT4 agonist.Target: 5HT4 Mosapride is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT4 agonist. The major active metabolite of mosapride, known as M1, additionally acts as a 5HT3 antagonist, which accelerates gastric emptying throughout the whole of the gastrointestinal tract in humans, and is used for the treatment of gastritis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. It is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. at least one hour before food or two hours after food).In addition to its prokinetic properties, mosapride also exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the gastrointestinal tract which may contribute to some of its therapeutic effects. Mosapride also promotes neurogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract which may prove useful in certain bowel disorders. The neurogenesis is due to mosapride's effect on the 5-HT4 receptor where it acts as an agonist.Its common side effects include dry mouth, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, insomnia, malaise, nausea, diarrhoea and sometimes constipation. Unlike some other prokinetic agents, mosapride has little effect on potassium channels, no effect on hERG transfected cells, and no effect on cardiovascular function that could be detected in tests on humans. Due to the pharmacokinetics of mosapride, it would take 1,000 - 3,000 times the therapeutic dose to elicit cardiovascular effects.
Cinitapride monotartrate is a 5-HT1A and 5-HT4 agonist. Cinitapride monotartrate is also a 5-HT2A and D2 antagonist. Cinitapride monotartrate can be used for the research of functional dyspepsia[1][2].
Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM.
Naluzotan is a novel, potent, and selective amidosulfonamide 5-HT1A agonist with IC50 and Ki of appr 20 nM and 5.1 nM, used for the treatment of anxiety and depression; Also a weak hERG K+ channel blocker, with IC50 of 3800 nM.
NRA-0160 is a selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, with a Ki value of 0.48 nM and with negligible affinity for dopamine D2 receptor (Ki: >10000 nM), D3 receptor (Ki: 39 nM), rat 5-HT2A receptor (Ki: 180 nM) and rat α1 adrenoceptor (Ki: 237 nM).
Mosapride is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT4 agonist.Target: 5HT4 Mosapride is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT4 agonist. The major active metabolite of mosapride, known as M1, additionally acts as a 5HT3 antagonist, which accelerates gastric emptying throughout the whole of the gastrointestinal tract in humans, and is used for the treatment of gastritis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. It is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. at least one hour before food or two hours after food).In addition to its prokinetic properties, mosapride also exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the gastrointestinal tract which may contribute to some of its therapeutic effects. Mosapride also promotes neurogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract which may prove useful in certain bowel disorders. The neurogenesis is due to mosapride's effect on the 5-HT4 receptor where it acts as an agonist.Its common side effects include dry mouth, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, insomnia, malaise, nausea, diarrhoea and sometimes constipation. Unlike some other prokinetic agents, mosapride has little effect on potassium channels, no effect on hERG transfected cells, and no effect on cardiovascular function that could be detected in tests on humans. Due to the pharmacokinetics of mosapride, it would take 1,000 - 3,000 times the therapeutic dose to elicit cardiovascular effects.
SB-277011 hydrochloride (SB-277011A hydrochloride) is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable and brain penetrate dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist with Ki values of 10.7 nM and 11.2 nM at rodent and human D3R, respectively. SB-277011 hydrochloride displays 80- to 100-fold selectivity over other dopamine receptors with pKis of 8.0, 6.0, <5.2, and 5.9 for D3, D2, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1D receptors, respectively[1][2].
Melitracen-d6 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Melitracen hydrochloride. Melitracen hydrochloride is an orally active biphasic antidepressant and antianxiety agent. Melitracen hydrochloride can inhibit the uptake of Norepinephrine and 5-HT (serotonin) through the presynaptic membrane inducing the increase of monoamine transmitters in synaptic space[1][2].