(-)-Blebbistatin is an S enantiomer of blebbistatin. Blebbistatin is a potent and selective myosin II inhibitor with IC50s ranging from 0.5 to 5 μM.
EB-47, a potent and selective PARP-1/ARTD-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 45 nM, shows modest potency against ARTD5 with an IC50 value of 410 nM. EB-47 mimics the substrate NAD+ and extends from the nicotinamide to the adenosine subsite[1].
Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.94 nM.Target: ACEEnalaprilat has high affinity for human endothelial ACE with IC50 of 1.94 nM in vitro binding assay by displacing a saturating concentration of [125I]351A, a radiolabeled lisinopril analogue from ACE binding sites, and shows bradykinin/angiotensin I selectivity ratio of 1.00 calculated from double displacement experiments [1]. Enalaprilat attenuates the IGF-I induced neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast growth (30% reduction) in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 of 90 mM [2].Administration of Enalaprilat induces a significant reduction of MAP at 70 minutes compared with the placebo group during haemorrhagic shock in rats, and results in a 50% reduction of CO, a general tendency of EB extravasation which is significant in the kidney and lungs, and a significant increase in ileal EB extravasation (53%) [3].
SSR69071 is a potent, orally active and selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. SSR69071 reduces myocardial infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury[1]. SSR69071 displays a higher affinity for human elastase (Ki=0.0168 nM) than for rat (Ki=3 nM), mouse (Ki=1.8 nM), and rabbit (Ki= 58 nM) elastases[2].
5-trans Prostaglandin F2α is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Myocardial Infarction[1][2].
Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride (Ideain chloride) is a component from extract peel of hawthorn fruit (EPHF) with the value of 179.4 mg/g. EPHF exhibits strong AChE inhibitory activity[1].
3,5-Diiodothyropropionic acid is a thyroid hormone analog, induces α-myosin heavy chain mRNA expression, binds to thyroid hormone receptor (TR), with Ka of 2.40 and 4.06 M-1 for TRα1 and TRβ1, respectively[1].
ONO-3307 is a protease inhibitor that competitively inhibits a variety of proteases including trypsin, thrombin, plasma kallikrein, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, and chymotrypsin. ONO-3307 alleviates endotoxin-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in rats. ONO-3307 can be used in the study of thrombosis and protease-mediated diseases[1][2].
10-Hydroxyscandine is an alkaloid from Melodinus tenuicaudatus. 10-Hydroxyscandine can be used for the research of hernia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and rheumatic heart[1][2].
DL-Lysine-d8 dihydrochloride is the deuterium labeled DL-Lysine[1].
Ortho-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone-d5 is deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxy atorvastatin lactone. 2-Hydroxy atorvastatin lactone is a metabolite of Atorvastatin. Atorvastatin is an orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids[1][2].
Tiotidine (ICI 125211) is a potent and selective antagonist of histamine H2-receptor (pA2=7.3-7.8 for guinea-pig right atrium). Tiotidine has low affinity for both the H1 and the H3 receptors[1][2].
Rostafuroxin(PST 2238) is a antihypertensive compound; Na,K-ATPase antognist;displaced [3H]ouabain from the dogkidney Na+,K+-ATPase with IC50 of 1.5 nM.IC50 value: 1.5 nM [1]Target: Na+,K+-ATPase modulator; ouabain antagonistin vitro: PST 2238 displaced [3H]ouabain from the dog kidney Na+,K+-ATPase receptor (IC50 ) 1.5X 10-6M), was devoid of cardiac inotropic activity in isolated guinea pig atria, and showed no affinity up to 10-4 M with general (R1, R2, a1, a2, A1, A2, M1, M2, H1, H2, 5-HT1, 5-HT2, Ca2+ channels, TXA2/PGH2, PAF, GABAA, GABAB, DA-NE-5-HT uptake, glutammate,glycine, benzodiazepine) and hormonal (estrogenic, progestinic, androgenic, mineralcorticoid) receptors [1]. At molecular level, in the kidney, Rostafuroxin antagonizes EO triggering of the Src-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr)-dependent signaling pathway leading to renal Na+-K+ pump, and ERK tyrosine phosphorylation and activation [3].in vivo: PST 2238, given orally at very low doses (1 and 10 microg/kg for 5-6 weeks), reduced the development of hypertension in MHS rats and normalized the increased renal Na,K-ATPase activity and mRNA levels, whereas it did not affect either blood pressure or Na,K-ATPase in Milan-normotensive (MNS) rats [2].
Catharanthine Sulfate ((+)-3,4-Didehydrocoronaridine Sulfate) is an alkaloid isolated from Madagascar periwinkle, inhibits voltage-operated L-type Ca2+ channel, with anti-cancer and blood pressure-lowering activities[1].
Senazodan is a Ca2+ sensitiser, and also shows inhibition effect on PDE III.
Vinaginsenoside R8, a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the rhizomes of Panacis majoris. Vinaginsenoside R8 displays activities against adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation (IC50=25.18 μM)[1].
LCZ696 is a dual angiotensin II receptor and neprilysin inhibitor.
Ticlopidine (PCR 5332), an antithrombotic prodrug, acts as an allosteric, noncompetitive inhibitor of CD39 with the IC50 of 81.7 µM. Ticlopidine blocks several NTPDase isoenzymes with IC50s of 170 µM and 149 µM for NTPDase2 and NTPDase3, respectively[1]. Ticlopidine is an inhibitor of CYP2C19 human liver cytochrome. Ticlopidine inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 with IC50s of 26.0 and 32.3 μM, respectively[2][3].
Mumefural is a bioactive component of the processed fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. Mumefural inhibits platelet aggregation. Mumefural shows anti-thrombotic effects and ameliorates cognitive impairment[1][2].
Lys-Phe is a dipeptide that inhibits both cell sickling and the gelation of solutions of sickle-cell haemoglobin[1].
Ropivacain is a potent sodium channel blocker and acts as a local anesthetic agent. Ropivacain blocks impulse conduction via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibrese[1][2]. Ropivacaine is also an inhibitor of K2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1 with an IC50 of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell's membrane[3]. Ropivacaine is used for the research of regional anesthesia and neuropathic pain management[1].
Fomocaine (P 652) is an orally active local anaesthetic. Fomocaine shows antiarrhythmic activity[1][2].
Delphinidin chloride, an anthocyanidin, is isolated from berries and red wine. Delphinidin chloride shows endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Delphinidin chloride also can modulate JAK/STAT3 and MAPKinase signaling to induce apoptosis in HCT116 cells[1][2][3].
Sirtuin modulator 2 (Compound 132) is a sirtuin modulator with an ED50 equal or less than 50 μM[1].
(+)-Norfenfluramine a major hepatic metabolite of (+)-fenfluramine, is a selective 5-HT2B receptor agonist (Ki: 11.2 nM). (+)-Norfenfluramine potently stimulates the hydrolysis of inositol phosphates and increases intracellular Ca2+. (+)-Norfenfluramine can be used for the research of primary pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease[1].
Fondaparinux sodium is an antithrombin-dependent factor Xa inhibitor.
1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect[1][2].
SERCA2a activator A is a novel sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) activator that activates the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity of cardiac SR vesicles but not that of skeletal muscle SR vesicles that lack of phospholamban (PLN); binds to PLN (Kd=75 uM), attenuates its inhibition of SERCA2a; enhances systolic and diastolic functions in rat hearts.
JTV-519 free base (K201 free base) is a Ca2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. Cardioprotective agent[1].
L-Aspartic acid is is an amino acid, shown to be a suitable prodrug for colon-specific drug deliverly.