Mecasermin (Human IGF-I; FK 780) is a recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Mecasermin has the potential for the study of the growth failure of growth hormone (GH) insensitivity caused by GH receptor defects or GH-inhibiting antibodies[1].
Linoleic acid-13C18 is the 13C labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
yGsy2p-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor for yeast glycogen synthase 2 (yGsy2p). yGsy2p-IN-1 is a competitive human glycogen synthase 1 (hGYS1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.75 µM and a Ki of 1.31 µM for wild-type hGYS1. yGsy2p-IN-H23 a pyrazole inhibitor, is used for glycogen storage diseases (GSDs)[1].
JZP-430 is a potent, highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) with an IC50 of 44 nM, exhibits ~230-fold selectivity over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)[1].
Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate is a 2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide. Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate can be degrade to 2'-AMP and 3'-AMP[1][2].
1'-Hydroxy bufuralol, the main metabolite of bufuralol, can reflect CYP2D activity[1].
GW6340 is an intestinal-specific LXR agonist. GW6340 promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (mRCT)[1].
Tin(IV) mesoporphyrin IX dichloride (Stannsoporfin) is a heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor being developed for the prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in infants at risk of developing jaundice, extracted from patent WO2011103196A1[1].
Biliatresone is a natural toxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and D. littoralis. Biliatresone, a 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone class of isoflavonoid, produces extrahepatic biliary atresia in a zebrafish model[1].
Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) potassium is an orally active selective PPARγ agonist (EC50: 60 nM, Kd: 40 nM). Rosiglitazone potassium is a TRPC5 activator (EC50: 30 μM) and TRPM3 inhibitor. Rosiglitazone potassium can be used in the research of obesity and diabetes, senescence, ovarian cancer[1][2][4][7].
α Amylase-IN-1 (Compound 11) is an α-Amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5509 μM. α Amylase-IN-1 has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 53.49 μM for scavenging DPPH free radicals. IC50 can be used in the study of diabetes and oxidative stress-related diseases.[1]
Emixustat, a novel visual cycle modulator, is an inhibitor of the visual cycle isomerase with an IC50 value of 4.4 nM in vitro.
Plafibride (ITA 104) is an orally active hypolipemic, platelet aggregation inhibitor[1][2].
1-Methylinosine is a modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3' to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA[1].
Worenine is isolated from Coptis chinensis. Worenine in rat shows dehydrogenization, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, and demethylene reactions in phase I metabolism. The phase II metabolism sulfation and glucuronidation reactions[1].
Proinsulin C-peptide (human) is a 31-amino-acid peptide that links the A and B chains of proinsulin, ensuring its correct folding, which is biologically active and modulates cellular function [1].
β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer.
SCO-267 is an allosteric GPR40 full agonist. SCO-267 can be used for the research of chronic diseases including diabetes[1].
L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP), a naturally occurring amino acid and a dietary supplement for use as an antidepressant, appetite suppressant, and sleep aid, is the immediate precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin and a reserpine antagonist[1]. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) is used to treat fibromyalgia, myoclonus, migraine, and cerebellar ataxia[2][3][4][5].
JNT-517 is an oral SLC6A19 allosteric inhibitor for the study of phenylketonuria (PKU)[1].
CYP4A11/CYP4F2-IN-2 (compound 15) is an orally available inhibitor of CYP4A11/4F2 with IC50s of 120 nM and 220 nM, respectively. CYP4A11/CYP4F2-IN-2 inhibits 20-HETE production in rat kidney and has potential inhibitory effects on diabetic nephropathy and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease[1].
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, a hydrolase, is involved in the sphingomyelin metabolism process. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes the conversion of sphingomyelin to phosphocholine and ceramide. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase also plays an important role in cellular differentiation, various immune and inflammatory responses, and intracellular cholesterol trafficking and metabolism[1][2].
Undecanedioic acid is associated with intercellular matrix macromolecules and specifically with elastin.
Ganomycin I is a dual inhibitor of α-Glucosidase and HMG-CoA reductase. Ganomycin I can also inhibits HIV protease. Ganomycin I exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-osteoclastogenesis effects[1][2].
HCGRP-(8-37) is a human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) fragment and also an antagonist of CGRP receptor. Sequence: Val-Thr-His-Arg-Leu-Ala-Gly-Leu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Ser-Gly-Gly-Val-Val-Lys-Asn-Asn-Phe-Val-Pro-Thr-Asn-Val-Gly-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe.
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 (compound 19a) is an orally active and potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.039 μM. Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 exhibits hypouricemic potency in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemia rats. Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 can be used for hyperuricemia and gout research[1].
4-Methylumbelliferyl oleate is a fluorogenic substrate for acid and alkaline lipases. 4-Methylumbelliferyl oleate is cleaved by lipases, liberating 4-Methylumbelliferyl (Ex/Em=320/450 nm)[1][2].
Denufosol tetrasodium (INS37217) is a long-acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, which exhibits an EC50 of ~10 μM for P2Y2 receptor activation[1].
4β-Hydroxywithanolide E, isolated from Physalis peruviana L., inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells through modulation of mitotic clonal expansion. 4β-Hydroxywithanolide E is an adipogenesis inhibitor and inhibits PPARγ, C/EBPα, and the adipocyte-specific molecule aP2 mRNA expression[1].