VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) is an effective antagonist of the actions of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cAMP.
Phosphocreatine (disodium), one of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives, is a substrate for the determination of creatine kinase and used to regenerate ATP during skeletal muscle contraction[1].
18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-(hydrogen sulfate)) is a potent type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.10 µM using rat kidney microsome. 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate is the major metabolite of Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate is the substrate of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3. 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate has anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for pseudohyperaldosteronism research[1][2].
Trevogrumab (REGN-1033) is a monoclonal antibody targeting GDF8 (growth differentiation factor 8, also known as muscle growth inhibitor). Trevogrumab is used in studies of sarcopenia, including wasting atrophy, chronic diseases, and changes in food and nutritional intake[1].
GPR40 agonist 1 is a potent and novel GPR40 full agonist with an EC50 of 2 nM and 17 nM for hGPR40 and rGPR40, respectively.
7-Methoxyisoflavone is an isoflavone derivative and also an activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo A) is an Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) from Arthrobacter protophormiae. Endo-A can transfer a high-mannose type oligosaccharide to monosaccharides such as N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucose to form a new oligosaccharide. Endo-A catalyzes glycopeptide synthesis by using Man3GlcNAc-oxazoline[1].
Ex26 (S1P1-IN-Ex26) is a potent and selective Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) antagonist (IC50=0.93 nM). Ex26 shows >3,000-fold selectivity for S1P1 over other Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Ex26 can be used in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reseach[1].
Survodutide is an glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist[1].
Roxatidine acetate is a potent, selective, competitive and orally active histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Roxatidine acetate has antisecretory potency against gastric acid secretion. Roxatidine acetate can also suppress inflammatory responses and can be used for gastric and duodenal ulcers research. Roxatidine acetate has antitumor activity[1][2][3].
Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions[1].
KI696 is a high affinity probe that disrupts the Keap1/NRF2 interaction.
Aldose reductase-IN-6 (Compound 3) is a competitive aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.164 μM and a Ki of 0.018 μM. Aldose reductase-IN-6 exhibits no cytotoxicity against healthy cells[1].
PF-04577806 is a potent, selective and ATP competitive PKC inhibitor. PF-04577806 shows potent inhibitory activity towards PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, PKCγ, and PKCθ with IC50s of 2.4 nM, 8.1 nM, 6.9 nM, 45.9 nM, and 29.5 nM, respectively. PF-04577806 can reverse retinal vascular leakage in diabetic rats[1].
O-Desmethyl Mebeverine alcohol hydrochloride is a metabolite of Mebeverine, which is a potent α1 repector inhibitor, causing relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Alkyne Cholesterol, a modified lipid, is a click chemistry reagent containing an alkyne group. The terminal alkyne group can be used in a highly specific linking reaction with azide-containing reagents in the presence of a copper (Cu)-containing catalyst. Alkyne Cholesterol can be used for tracking cellular cholesterol metabolism and localization[1][2][3].
Emixustat hydrochloride strongly inhibits 11-cis-retinol production with IC50 values of 232 ± 3 nM. IC50 value: 232 nM [1]Target: 11-cis-retinolEmixustat hydrochloride is a novel visual cycle modulator, in healthy volunteers. Oral Emixustat was safe and well tolerated when administered once daily for 14 days with minimal systemic adverse events reported. Evaluation of emixustat in subjects with geographic atrophy associated with dry age-related macular degeneration.[2]
JNJ-DGAT2-A is a selective diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.14 μM in human DGAT2-expressing Sf9 insect cell membranes. JNJ-DGAT2-A can be used for the research of triglyceride (TG) synthesis[1].
Rhodionin, isolated from the root of Rhodiola crenulata, is a specific non-competitive cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.761 μM and a Ki of 0.769 μM[1]. Rhodionin exhibits potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 ranged from 57.50 to 2.43 μg/mL[2]. Rhodionin exhibits potent DPPH free radical scavenging activities, with an IC50 of 19.49 μM[3].
2,6-Dibromophenol is an endogenous metabolite.
GNF2133 hydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally active DYRK1A inhibitor with IC50s of 0.0062, >50 µM for DYRK1A and GSK3β, respectively. GNF2133 hydrochloride shows good proliferation potency and efficacy on rat and human primary β-cell. GNF2133 hydrochloride significantly improves glucose disposal capacity and increases insulin secretion. GNF2133 hydrochloride has the potential for the research of type 1 diabetes[1].
α-Mannosidase is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
st-Ht31 is a membrane-permeable peptide inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) anchoring. st-Ht31 induces robust cholesterol/phospholipid efflux. st-Ht31 completely reverses foam cell formation and restores the metabolic health of macrophage[1][2].
Chinese gallotannin is a non-specific promiscuous α-amylase inhibitor with a Ki of 0.82 μg/mL for human salivary α-amylase. Chinese gallotannin can be used for the research of diabetes[1].
Cholestenone is the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol.
Mifobate (SR-202) is a potent and specific PPARγ antagonist. Mifobate (SR-202) selectively inhibits Thiazolidinedione (TZD)-induced PPARγ transcriptional activity (IC50=140 μM). Mifobate (SR-202) does not affect basal or ligand-stimulated transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARβ, or the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Mifobate (SR-202) shows antiobesity and antidiabetic effects[1].
Pegapamodutide (LY-2944876) is a glucagon-GLP-1 receptor agonist, and can be used in type 2 diabetes and obesity research[1].
GSK2041706A (GSK706) is a potent G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonist. GSK2041706A can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes[1].
α-GLU stands for α-glucosidase. α-GLU hydrolyzes starch and disaccharides via targeting to terminal, non-reducing (1→4)-linked α-D-glucose residues to produce α-glucose. α-GLU is substrate selective[1].
L-Phenylalanine-13C9 ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-13C9) is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].