CP-91149 is a GP (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor. CP-91149 promotes glycogen resynthesis, but not its overaccumulation. CP-91149 has the potential for Type II (insulin-dependent) diabetes study[1].
Calcifediol is a major circulating metabolite of vitamin D3, acting as a competitive inhibitor with an apparent Ki of 3.9 μM, suppresses PTH secretion and mRNA (ED50=2 nM).
S-Allyl-L-cysteine, one of the organosulfur compounds found in AGE, possess various biological effects including neurotrophic activity, anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity.
GLP-1R modulator C5 is an allosteric modulator enhancing GLP-1 binding to GLP-1R via a transmembrane site (EC50 1.59 ± 0.53 μM).
Secretin (28-54), human is a 27-amino acid residue C-terminally amidated peptide, which acts on secretin receptors.
Ganoapplanoid F, a highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoid from Ganoderma applanatum, inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Ganoapplanoid F can be used for the research of obesity[1].
Hepcidin-25 (human) acetate is an iron metabolism modulator. Hepcidin-25 (human) acetate shows anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity via modulation of iron-mediated oxidant injury[1].
Maohuoside A, a single compound isolated from the E. koreanum that potently promotes osteogenesis. Maohuoside A enhances the osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and MAPK signaling pathways[1][2].
Kojibiose, an orally active prebiotic disaccharide, can specifically inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase I. kojibiose is a proliferation factor for Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, and eubacteria. kojibiose is a low-calorie sweetener capable of increasing the absorption of iron. Kojibiose exhibits antitoxic activity. Kojibiose reduces hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vivo[1][2].
RU28362 is a potent and selective glucocorticoid agonist. RU28362 increases the Bnip3 mRNA levels in neurons. RU28362 inhibits adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone secretion[1][2].
D-Glucose-18O is the 18O labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules
MK-0159 (compound 37) is an orally active, potent and selective CD38 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 22, 3, and 70 nM for human, mouse and rat CD38, respectively. MK-0159 also shows good microsomal stability for human and rodent liver microsomes. MK-0159 increases NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and reduces ADPR (adenosine diphosphate ribose) in whole blood and heart[1].
Xanthine oxidase-IN-8 (Icarisids J) (Compound 7) is a XOD inhibitor with an IC50 of 29.71 μM[1].
Bilobetin, an active component of Ginkgo biloba, can reduce blood lipids and improve the effects of insulin. Bilobetin ameliorated insulin resistance, increased the hepatic uptake and oxidation of lipids, reduced very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion and blood triglyceride levels, enhanced the expression and activity of enzymes involved in β-oxidation and attenuated the accumulation of triglycerides and their metabolites in tissues. Bilobetin also increased the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα accompanied by elevated cAMP level and PKA activity[1].
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine-13C-3 is the 13C labeled N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (N-Acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose) is a monosaccharide derivative of gluc[1][2].
Fmoc-leucine-13C6,15N is a 15N-labeled and 13C-labled Fmoc-leucine. Fmoc-leucine is a selective PPARγ modulator. Fmoc-leucine activates PPARγ with a lower potency but a similar maximal efficacy than rosiglitazone. Fmoc-leucine improves insulin sensitivity
Allolithocholic acid is a steroid acid could found in normal serum and feces. Allolithocholic acid facilitates excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver[1].
H-Leu-Gly-βNA can be used as a substrate to detect the presence or absence of N-acetyl-BD-galactosaminidase[1].
α-Glucosidase-IN-23 is an orally active α-Glucosidase inhibitor. α-Glucosidase-IN-23 decreases blood glucose by a-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 4.48 μM. α-Glucosidase-IN-23 can be used for the research of diabetes[1].
Ascorbate oxidase, also known as vitamin C oxidase, is a REDOX enzyme involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix. Ascorbate oxidase catalyzes the reaction of ascorbic acid and oxygen to produce dehydroascorbic acid[1][2].
Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate is a substrate for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.
Fulvic Acid is a natural healthy product, which comes from humic substances produced by microorganisms in soil. Fulvic Acid can modulate the immune system, influence the oxidative state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function. Fulvic Acid has the potential for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes[1].
VD2-D3 is a deuterated form of vitamin D.
BODIPY FL prazosin is a fluorescent α1-adrenergic antagonist with Ki values of 14.5, 43.3 nM for α1a-AR and α1b-AR, respectively. BODIPY FL prazosin also is a fluorescent ligand with the excitation and emission wavelengths are 485 and 535 nm, respectively. BODIPY FL prazosin can be used for study the differences in the subcellular localization of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes[1][2][3].
Omeprazole sodium (H 16868 sodium), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is available for treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Omeprazole sodium shows competitive inhibition of CYP2C19 activity with a Ki of 2 to 6 μM[1]. Omeprazole sodium also inhibits growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria[2]. Omeprazole is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor)[3].
1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].
LXR-623 is a brain-penetrant partial LXRα and full LXRβ agonist, with IC50s of 24 nM and 179 nM, respectively.
SGC-SMARCA-BRDVIII is a potent and selective inhibitor of SMARCA2/4 and PB1(5), with Kds of 35 nM, 36 nM, and 13 nM, respectively. SGC-SMARCA-BRDVIII also inhibits PB1(2) and PB1(3), with Kds of 3.7 and 2.0 μM, respectively. SGC-SMARCA-BRDVIII can block adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 murine fibroblasts[1][2].
Fudosteine is a novel mucoactive agent and a MUC5AC mucin hypersecretion inhibitor.Target: OthersFudosteine is a cysteine derivative that is used as an expectorant in chronic bronchial inflammatory disorders. The administration of fudosteine during the challenge with ovalbumin prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and accumulation of lymphocytes in the airways. Eotaxin, IL-4, and TGF-β levels and the relative intensity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in BAL fluid were reduced by the fudosteine treatment; however, the number of eosinophils in BAL fluid and serum IgE levels did not change. The expression of TGF-β, the development of goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagenization, and basement membrane thickening were also reduced by the fudosteine treatment [1]. Fudosteine inhibits MUC5AC mucin hypersecretion by reducing MUC5AC gene expression and the effects of fudosteine are associated with the inhibition of extracellular signal-related kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo and extracellular signal-related kinase in vitro [2].
Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside isolated from Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck leaves. Rhoifolin is beneficial for diabetic complications through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation[1]. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways[2].