Fulvotomentoside B is a saponin isolated from Lactobacillus flavus. Fulvotomentoside compounds can significantly reduce serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and triacylglycerol (GT) levels in mice poisoned by CCl4, d-galactosamine (d-gal) and acetaminophen, and significantly alleviate liver pathology. damage[1].
Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) is a diastereomer of diosgenin. Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) antagonizes the activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) in luciferase ligand assay. Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) inhibits triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation through the suppression of gene expression of fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 hepatocytes[1].
α-Glucosidase-IN-2 (compound 5d) is a potent α-Glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.48 µM. α-Glucosidase-IN-2 is an antidiabetic agent[1].
Ganglioside GM3 is a precursor of a-, b-, and c-series gangliosides, interacts with transmembrane receptors such as the epidermal growth factor and insulin receptors, and regulates receptor functions by creating a specialized lipid environment. Ganglioside GM3 is synthesized by GM3 synthase and can be used for the research of hypercholesterolemia[1].
Voacamine, an indole alkaloid, isolated from Voacanga Africana, exhibits potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity[1]. Voacamine also inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) action in multidrug-resistant tumor cells[1].
Cysteamine S-phosphate (Cystaphos) sodium can be hydroIyzed to Cysteamine by human alkaline phosphatases. Cysteamine is an orally active agent for the research of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant[1][2].
11β-HSD1-IN-8 (compound c6a) is a 11β‑HSD1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM for human 11β‑HSD1. 11β-HSD1-IN-8 can be used for the research of diabetes and cognitive decline[1].
Insulin Detemir is an artificial insulin, shows effect on controlling blood sugar levels. Insulin Detemir stimulates GLP-1 secretion as a consequence of enhanced Gcg expression by a mechanism involving activation of Akt- and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent-cat and CREB signaling pathways. Insulin Detemir can be used for type 2 diabetes research[1][2].
L-Cysteine hydrochloride is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans[1].
Deserpidine (Harmonyl) is an alkaloid isolated from the root of Rauwolfia canescens related to Reserpine. Deserpidine is used as an antihypertensive agent and a tranquilizer. Deserpidine is a competitive angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Deserpidine also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex[1][2][3].
MK-0557 is a highly selective, orally available neuropeptide Y5 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.6 nM.
6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALR2. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid inhibits ALR2, SDH andALR1 with IC50s of 9.6, 288 and 66.3 μM, respectively. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid clearly suppresses galactitol accumulation[1].
Carboxy-PTIO is a potent nitric oxide (NO) scavenger that can make a quick reaction with NO to produce NO2. Carboxy-PTIO can prevent hypotension and endotoxic shock through the direct scavenging action against NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat model[1][2][3].
TB500 is a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4. TB500 is claimed to promote endothelial cell differentiation, angiogenesis in dermal tissues, keratinocyte migration, collagen deposition and decrease inflammation.
Evogliptin (DA-1229) is an orally active DPP4 inhibitor with significant and sustained hypoglycaemic effects in mouse models. Evogliptin also inhibits the production of inflammatory and fibrotic signals in hepatocytes by inducing autophagy. Evogliptin can be used in studies of type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, renal impairment and chronic liver inflammation[1][2][3][4].
Prosaikogenin G, isolated from the roots of Buleurum bicaule Helm (Apiaceae), exhibits significant inhibitory effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation induced by Ang II. Prosaikogenin G has protective action on the kidney[1]. Prosaikogenin G is a derivative of Saikosaponin d in the gastrointestinal tract[2].
N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole (Acetylsulfamethoxazole) is a metabolite of Sulfamethoxazole (HY-B0322). Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic, used for bacterial infections[1].
Bis-propargyl-PEG6 is a PEG-based PROTAC linker used in the synthesis of PROTACs. Bis-propargyl-PEG6 can be used to synthesize the polymer linked multimers of guanosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphates[1].
Defibrotide sodium is a complex mixture of single stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides. Defibrotide sodium has liver protection, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, profibrinolytic, and anti-ischemic properties. Defibrotide sodium can be used for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS)/veno-occlusive disease (VOD) research[1].
Galectin-3-IN-1 (Compound 1) is a potent multivalent inhibitor of galectin-3 (Gal-3). Galectin-3 participates in many cancer-related metabolic processes[1].
Grapiprant is a selective EP4 receptor antagonist whose physiological ligand is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).Target: prostaglandin receptorin vitro: Grapiprant is a novel pharmacologically active ingredient, acts as a selective EP4 receptor antagonist whose physiological ligand is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). [1]in vivo: Grapiprant is currently under development for use in humans and dogs for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. [1] Results suggested the safety of long-term oral administration of grapiprant to dogs. Efficacy of grapiprant in the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis needs to be evaluated in other studies. [2]
Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate-13C3-1 is the 13C labeled Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate. Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate is an endogenous metabolite.
Chlorophorin is a inhibitor of Melanocortin Receptor. Chlorophorin reduces tyrosinase activity and inhibits a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells[1].
CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt (CMP-Neu5Ac sodium salt) is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, the enzyme that initiates sialic acid synthesis. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases[1].
Sitagliptin is a potent inhibitor of DPP4 with IC50 of 19 nM in Caco-2 cell extracts.
OAT1/3-IN-2 (compound 8) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3. OAT1/3-IN-2 can reverse the toxicity of Cys-Hg on HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and has a potential protective effect on the kidneys. OAT1/3-IN-2 can be used to study mercury-induced kidney damage[1].
Praeruptorin B is an inhibitor of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs).
Flazin is a non-enzymatic protein glycation inhibitor, also inhibits peroxynitrite (ONOO-), with an IC50 value of 85.31 μM for bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation and an EC50 value of 71.99 μM for ONOO-. Flazin can be used for researching diabetes and neuronal disorders. Flazin also can used as a lipid droplet (LD) regulator against lipid disorders, and a xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor[1][2][3].
NB-598 hydrochloride is a potent and competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase (SE), and suppresses triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway.
Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium (Acetyl-CoA trisodium) is a central metabolic intermediate. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is the actual molecule through which glycolytic pyruvate enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a key precursor of lipid synthesis, and is the sole donor of the acetyl groups for acetylation. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium acts as a potent allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase (PC)[1].