Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trilithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trilithium regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trilithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis[1][2][3][4].
Previtamin D3 is an intermediate in the production of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)[1].
1-Dodecanol-d26 is the deuterium labeled 1-Dodecanol[1]. 1-Dodecanol is an endogenous metabolite.
Guaiacin is a arylnaphthalene type lignin isolated from the barks of Machilus thunbergii SIEB. et ZUCC (Lauraceae). Guaiacin significantly increases alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast differentiation[1].
Edasalonexent is an orally bioavailable NF-κB inhibitor.
Ursodiol reduces cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve gallstones.Target: OthersUrsodiol, also known as ursodeoxycholic acid and the abbreviation UDCA, is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria. The drug reduces cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve (cholesterol) gallstones in patients who want an alternative to surgery. The drug is very expensive, however, and if the patient stops taking it, the gallstones tend to recur if the condition that gave rise to their formation does not change. For these reasons, it has not supplanted surgical treatment by cholecystectomy.Ursodeoxycholic acid is currently the only established drug for the treatment of chronic cholestatic liver diseases. It has cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, membrane stabilizing, anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory effects. Prolonged administration of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is associated with survival benefit and a delaying of liver transplantation.
Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Gomisin D inhibits UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases activity and scavenges ABTS(+) radicals. Gomisin D is used as a quality marker of Shengmai San and shenqi Jiangtang Granule[1].
KML29 is a potent and selective MAGL inhibitor with IC50 = 5.9, 15, and 43 nM in human, mouse, and rat brain proteomes, respectively.IC50 value: 15, 43, and 5.9 nM (mouse, rat, and human brain proteomes)Target: MAGLin vitro: KML29 potently and selectively inhibits MAGL with minimal cross-reactivity toward other central and peripheral serine hydrolases, including no detectable activity against FAAH.[1]in vivo: KML29 a potentially very useful tool to explore the consequences of inhibiting MAGL in the whole animal and in multiple species, and provides greater selectivity than JZL184 in inhibiting MAGL. [2]
Chrysophanol tetraglucoside possesses anti-hypolipidemic and antibacterial activities[1][2].
Penicillinase is a beta-lactamase. beta-lactamase enzymes inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics by hydrolyzing the peptide bond of the characteristic four-membered beta-lactam ring rendering the antibiotic ineffective[1].
Hydrochlorothiazid-13C,d2 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic drug of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[1][2][3].
Trimethylammonium chloride-d9 is the deuterium labeled Trimethylammonium chloride[1]. Trimethylammonium chloride is an endogenous metabolite.
Glucose dehydrogenase is a oxidoreductase. Glucose dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose to β-D-glucono-1,5-lactone with simultaneous reduction of the cofactor NADP+ to NADPH or, to a lesser extent, NAD+ to NADH. Glucose dehydrogenase accepts both NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactors and can be used for the regeneration of NADH and NADPH[1][2].
Azapentacene sodium is an anti-cataract agent[1].
Ferroheme, a complex of ferrous iron and a porphyrin, is an isosteric inhibitor of fatty acid binding to rat liver fatty acid binding protein[1][2].
4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-arabinofuranoside is the glycosidase substrate[1].
D-Mannitol-13C,d2 is the deuterium and 13C labeled D-Mannitol.
Fasiglifam (TAK-875) is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable GPR40 agonist with EC50 of 72 nM.
D-Lyxose-d is the deuterium labeled D-Lyxose. D-Lyxose is an endogenous metabolite[1].
Momordin II, an oleanane-type triterpene glycoside, is a ribosome inactivating protein. Momordin II inhibits cell-free protein synthesis, releases adenine from rat liver ribosomes and from DNA, and has no RNase activity[1][2][3].
Vildagliptin (LAF237 dihydrate;NVP-LAF 237 dihydrate) is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor that delays the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).
2'-O-Methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside produced in tRNAs by the action of tRNA guanosine-2’-O-methyltransferase. 2'-O-Methylguanosine results in apoptotic changes of cells[1][2].
FSG67 is a glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) inhibitor with an IC50 of 24 μM[1].
3α,12β-Dihydroxycholanoic acid is a bile acid that can be isolated from urine specimens of healthy humans[1].
Adenylosuccinic acid (Adenylosuccinate; Aspartyl adenylate) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate and plays a role in nucleotide cycle metabolite. Adenylosuccinic acid can be converted into fumaric acid through adenylosuccinate lyase. Adenylosuccinic acid has the potential for the study of duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)[1].
L-168049 is a potent, selective, orally active and non-competitive glucagon receptor antagonist with IC50s of 3.7 nM, 63 nM, and 60 nM for human, murine, and canine glucagon receptors, respectively[1][2].
Oleic acid-13C-1 is the 13C labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
DL-Tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite.
Bovinic acid is a conjugated linoleic acid with anticarcinogenic and anti-atherogenic activities.
L-Alanine-3-13C (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-3-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.