N-Desmethyl Clomipramine hydrochloride (Desmethylclomipramine hydrochloride) is a primary plasma N-desmethyl metabolite of Clomipramine. Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant[1][2].
GS39783 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of GABABR. Positive modulation of the GABABR can be used for the research of Nicotine addiction[1].
CALP3, a Ca2+-like peptide, is a potent Ca2+ channel blocker that activates EF hand motifs of Ca2+-binding proteins. CALP3 can functionally mimic increased [Ca2+]i by modulating the activity of Calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+ channels and pumps. CALP3 has the potential in controlling apoptosis in diseases such as AIDS or neuronal loss due to ischemia[1][2].
TRV-1387 is a benzofurazan that inhibits the aggregation of tau and amyloid-β[1].
λ-Cyhalothrin is a high efficiency, broad-spectrum type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide containing α-cyano group. λ-Cyhalothrin is used to control a wide range of pests in a variety of applications. λ-Cyhalothrin is a neurotoxin that targets sodium channels in the membranes of neurons in the central nervous system[1].
GPR88 agonist 2 (compound 53) is a potent and brain-penetrantGPR88 agonist with an EC50 value of 14 µM in GPR88 cAMP functional assay[1].
EP1-antanoist-1 is a EP1 antagonist with a pKi of 7.54 and an pIC50 of 8.5.
OS-3-106 is a potent, BBB-penetrated and selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) agonist. OS-3-106 binds with high affinity (Ki = 0.2 nM) at the D3R. OS-3-106 reduces cocaine self-administration and sucrose reinforcement rates. OS-3-106 can be used for psychostimulant addiction research[1].
Mavoglurant is a structurally novel, non-competitive mGlu5 receptor antagonist, has an IC50 of 30 nM in a functional assay with human mGluR5.IC50 value: 30 nMTarget: mGluR5in vitro: Mavoglurant is a selective non-competitive antagonist which showed efficacy in the treatment of L-dopa induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease and Fragile X mental retardation in proof of principle studies. Mavoglurant is selective over the other mGluR subtypes, iGluRs and a panel of 238 CNS relevant receptors, transporter or enzymes. [1]In vivo: Mavoglurant shows an improved pharmacokinetic profile in rat and efficacy in the stress-induced hyperthermia test in mice as compared to the prototypic mGluR5 antagonist MPEP.[1]
CTEP is a novel, long-acting, orally bioavailable allosteric antagonist of mGlu5 receptor with IC50 of 2.2 nM, and shows > 1000-fold selectivity over other mGlu receptors.
Lidanserin is a drug which acts as a combined 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
FAPy-adenine is an oxidized DNA base. Fapy-adenine shows an increased trend levels in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Oxidized nucleosides are biochemical markers for tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases[1][2][3].
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-2) is the principal somatomedin of human serum. Insulin-like growth factor II exerts permissive and direct effects on neurite outgrowth and enhances survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons[1][2].
MK-0752 is a moderately potent γ-secretase inhibitor, which reduces Aβ40 production with IC50 of 5 nM.IC50 value: 5 nM (reduces Aβ40 production) [1]Target: γ-secretasein vitro: MK-0752 is identified as a moderately potent γ-secretase inhibitor, which reduces Aβ40 in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5 nM in human SH-SY5Y cells [1]. In vitro, MK-0752 blocks Notch-intracellular domain (ICD) cleavage and its subsequent nuclear translocation [2]. in vivo: MK-0752 (240 mg/kg) reduces the generation of newly produced Aβ with 90% decrease of AUV in the brain of rhesus monkeys. In addition, MK-0752 treatment increases levels of Aβ 1-14, Aβ 1-15, and Aβ 1-16 , while decreases levels of Aβ 1-17 [1]. In guinea-pigs, oral administration of MK-0752 (10 mg/kg -30 mg/kg) results in the dose-dependent reduction of Aβ40 in plasma, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with IC50 of 440 nM in brain [2].
XAV-939 is a tankyrase (TNKS) inhibitor and an indirect inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, with IC50s of 5 and 2 nM for TNKS1 and TNKS2, respectively.
Amitifadine hydrochloride is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), with IC50s of 12, 23, 96 nM for serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in HEK 293 cells , respectively.
GNE 5729 is a brain permeable positive allosteric modulator of NMDAR, with an EC50 of 37 nM for GluN2A, 4.7 and 9.5 μM for GluN2C and GluN2D, respectively.
Dihydroergocristine mesylate (DHEC mesylate) is a inhibitor of γ-secretase (GSI), reduces the production of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β peptides, binds directly to γ-secretase and Nicastrin with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 25.7 nM and 9.8 μM, respectively[1].
A1AR antagonist 4 (compound 22) is a potent and selective A1AR (A1 adenosine receptor) antagonist, with a pIC50 of 5.51 and a pKi of 6.29[1].
3,3'-Difluorobenzaldazine (DFB) is a selective positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5. 3,3'-Difluorobenzaldazine potentiates 3- to 6-fold action for mGlu5 agonists (Glutamate, Quisqualate, and 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine), with EC50s in the 2 to 5 μM range[1].
(2R,3S)-E1R (Compound 2c) is an enantiomer of E1R. (2R,3S)-E1R is a sigma-1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (Sig1R PAM) for the treatment of cognition/memory disorders[1].
Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties[1][2].
BPTU is a novel P2Y1 allosteric antagonist.
Samidorphan (ALKS-33) is an orally active opioid system modulator that has a high affinity for binding with μ‐opioid, κ‐opioid, and δ‐opioid receptors. Samidorphan acts as an antagonist at μ‐opioid receptors and acts as a partial agonist at k-opioid and δ‐opioid receptors. Samidorphan primarily acts as an opioid receptor antagonist in vivo[1].
MAO-B-IN-14 (Compound 9) is a potent and selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.95 μM and a Ki of 0.55 μM against human MAO-B.
MK771 is a thyrotrophin-releasing hormone analog. MK771 induces blinking and forepaw licking. MK771 has the potential for the research of morphine abstinence syndrome[1][2].
Piperidine-MO-1 is a modulator of dopamine receptor extracted from patent WO/2005/121087A1, compound example 2; exhibits an ED50 of 68 μmol/kg on increase of DOPAC in the rat striatum.
Dimethothiazine (Dimetotiazine; Fonazine) is an orally active tricyclic anti-histamine, anti-5-HT agent with a high activity against decerebrate rigidity, a little sedative activity and little soporific action. Dimethothiazine can reduce or abolish the effects of both static and dynamic fusimotor activity on the muscle spindle in decerebrate cat. Dimethothiazine can be used to research hemicrania and spasticity[1][2][3].
LY367385 is a highly potent and selective mGluR1a antagonist. LY367385 has an IC50 of 8.8 μM for inhibits of quisqualate-induced phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis, compared with > 100 μM for mGlu5a. LY367385 has neuroprotective, anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effects[1][2].
α-Helical CRF(9-41) is a competitive CRF2 receptor antagonist with KB of ~100 nM. α-Helical CRF(9-41) is also a partial agonist of CRF1 receptor with an EC50 of 140 nM[1][2].