A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

A new approach is presented for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples, based on selective fluorescent staining using Nile Red (NR), followed by density-based extraction and filtration. The dye adsorbs onto plastic surfaces and renders them fluorescent when irradiated with blue light. Fluorescence emission is detected using simple photography through an orange filter. Image-analysis allows fluorescent particles to be identified and counted. Magnified images can be recorded and tiled to cover the whole filter area, allowing particles down to a few micrometres to be detected. The solvatochromic nature of Nile Red also offers the possibility of plastic categorisation based on surface polarity characteristics of identified particles. This article details the development of this staining method and its initial cross-validation by comparison with infrared (IR) microscopy. Microplastics of different sizes could be detected and counted in marine sediment samples. The fluorescence staining identified the same particles as those found by scanning a filter area with IR-microscopy.

Cyanine dyes can be used to quantify the amount of dsDNA within a sample. The linearity of fluorescence, as function of DNA amount of six dyes, is obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity at the optimal excitation and emission maxima.


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HOE 32021

Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA. HOE 32021 is a cell dye for DNA.IC50 Value: These Bis-benzimides were originally developed by Hoechst AG, which numbered all their compounds so that the dye Hoechst 33342 is the 33342nd compound made by the company. There are three related Hoechst stains: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and Hoechst 34580. The dyes Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 are the ones most commonly used and they have similarexcitation/emission spectra. Both dyes are excited by ultraviolet light at around 350 nm, and both emit blue/cyan fluorescent light around anemission maximum at 461 nm. Unbound dye has its maximum fluorescence emission in the 510-540 nm range. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are stable at 2-6 °C for at least six months when protected from light. For long-term storage the solutions are instead frozen at ≤-20 °C.The dyes bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA with a preference for sequences rich in adenine andthymine. Although the dyes can bind to all nucleic acids, AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands enhance fluorescence considerably.Hoechst dyes are cell-permeable and can bind to DNA in live or fixed cells. Therefore, these stains are often called supravital, which means that cells survive a treatment with these compounds. Cells that express specific ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins can also actively transport these stains out of their cytoplasm.in vitro: N/A in vivo: N/AClinical trial: N/A

  • CAS Number: 23623-06-5
  • MF: C26H26N6O
  • MW: 438.52400
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine

5(6)-TAMRA contains a carboxylic acid that can be used to react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation of the carboxylic acid; bright, orange-fluorescent dye produces conjugates with absorption/emission maxima of ~555/580 nm.

  • CAS Number: 98181-63-6
  • MF: C25H22N2O5
  • MW: 430.45
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: ≥300ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

MCLA hydrochloride

MCLA hydrochloride is a chemiluminescent reagent which can be used to quantify aqueous concentrations of superoxide.

  • CAS Number: 128322-44-1
  • MF: C14H14ClN3O2
  • MW: 291.733
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 410.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 201.9ºC

Thiazole Orange

Thiazole Orange is a dye for reticulocyte analysis.

  • CAS Number: 107091-89-4
  • MF: C26H24N2O3S2
  • MW: 476.610
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 270ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Hoechst 33258 analog 5

Hoechst 33258 analog 5 is a analog of Hoechst stains, which are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA.IC50 Value:Target: These Bis-benzimides were originally developed by Hoechst AG, which numbered all their compounds so that the dye Hoechst 33342 is the 33342nd compound made by the company. There are three related Hoechst stains: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and Hoechst 34580. The dyes Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 are the ones most commonly used and they have similarexcitation/emission spectra. Both dyes are excited by ultraviolet light at around 350 nm, and both emit blue/cyan fluorescent light around anemission maximum at 461 nm. Unbound dye has its maximum fluorescence emission in the 510-540 nm range. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are stable at 2-6 °C for at least six months when protected from light. For long-term storage the solutions are instead frozen at ≤-20 °C.The dyes bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA with a preference for sequences rich in adenine andthymine. Although the dyes can bind to all nucleic acids, AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands enhance fluorescence considerably.Hoechst dyes are cell-permeable and can bind to DNA in live or fixed cells. Therefore, these stains are often called supravital, which means that cells survive a treatment with these compounds. Cells that express specific ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins can also actively transport these stains out of their cytoplasm.

  • CAS Number: 23491-55-6
  • MF: C29H26N6
  • MW: 458.55700
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate

5(6)-CFDA is a cell-permeant esterase substrate that can serve as a viability probe that measures both enzymatic activity, which is require to activate its fluorescence, and cell-membrane integrity, which is required for intracellular retention of their fluorescent product.

  • CAS Number: 124387-19-5
  • MF: C25H16O9
  • MW: 460.39
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zinquin

Zinquin is a fluorescent sensor and used to observe reactive Zn2+.

  • CAS Number: 151606-29-0
  • MF: C19H18N2O5S
  • MW: 386.42
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.412g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 608ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 112-114ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Leucocrystal violet

Leucocrystal violet is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect antimony in environmental and biological samples using spectrophotometric techniques.

  • CAS Number: 603-48-5
  • MF: C25H31N3
  • MW: 373.534
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 529.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 175-177 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 281.8±20.7 °C

MQAE

MQAE is a fluorescent indicator that is quenched via collision with chloride, and is more sensitive and selective than 36Cl and microelectrode-based methods for chloride measurement in cells.

  • CAS Number: 162558-52-3
  • MF: C14H16BrNO3
  • MW: 326.18600
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 177-179ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

DIDS sodium salt

DIDS sodium salt is a dual ABCA1 and VDAC1 inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 67483-13-0
  • MF: C16H8N2Na2O6S4
  • MW: 498.484
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.54g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 397ºC
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride

Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride is a anglog of Hoechst 33342. Hoechst 33342 is a DNA minor groove binder used fluorochrome for visualizing cellular DNA.

  • CAS Number: 155815-98-8
  • MF: C25H26Cl3IN6O
  • MW: 659.78
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CY3-N3

CY5-N3 is a Cy5-azide, which is a fluorescent dye.

  • CAS Number: 1621101-43-6
  • MF: C36H46N6O7S2
  • MW: 738.92
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

D149 Dye

D149 Dye is an indoline-based dye, which is a high-extinction-coefficient metal-free organic sensitizer.

  • CAS Number: 786643-20-7
  • MF: C42H35N3O4S3
  • MW: 741.94000
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.47g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Hoechst 33258 (trihydrochloride)

Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is a fluorescent dyes, which can be used as a cell dye for DNA.

  • CAS Number: 23491-45-4
  • MF: C25H27Cl3N6O
  • MW: 533.880
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 643.1ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 314 °C
  • Flash Point: 342.7ºC

9-Aminoacridine

9-Aminoacridine is a highly fluorescent dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, an intracellular pH indicator.

  • CAS Number: 90-45-9
  • MF: C13H10N2
  • MW: 194.23200
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.268g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 413.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 241ºC
  • Flash Point: 233.2ºC

Solvent Blue 35

Solvent Blue 35 (Sudan Blue II; Oil Blue 35) is a dye used for colouring alcoholic and hydrocarbon based solvents. It is used for staining triglycerides in animal tissues.

  • CAS Number: 17354-14-2
  • MF: C22H26N2O2
  • MW: 350.454
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 568.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 120-122ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 187.2±30.3 °C

3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin

3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin is a fluorogenic cytochrome P-450 substrate that generates blue fluorescent product upon enzyme cleavageTarget: Cytochrome P4503-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin is a fluorescent probe useful in microsomal dealkylase studies. 3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin is a high purity and quality chemical used as molecular probe.Typical drug-drug interactions resulting from enzyme inhibition.

  • CAS Number: 117620-77-6
  • MF: C12H9NO3
  • MW: 215.205
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 396.8±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 220-221ºC
  • Flash Point: 173.6±18.1 °C

4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

DAPI dihydrochloride (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a fluorescent stain by binding in the minor grove of A-T rich sequences of DNA.

  • CAS Number: 28718-90-3
  • MF: C16H17Cl2N5
  • MW: 350.246
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.41g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 545.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300°C (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 283.6ºC

Fluorescein Biotin

Fluorescein Biotin is used as an alternative to radioactive biotin for detecting and quantitating biotin-binding sites by either fluorescence or absorbance; the the fluorescence or absorbance of Fluorescein Biotin is quenched, upon binding to avidin or streptavidin.

  • CAS Number: 134759-22-1
  • MF: C42H50N6O8S2
  • MW: 831.01200
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.43 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DiD perchlorate

DiD perchlorate is a lipophilic cyanine dye.

  • CAS Number: 127274-91-3
  • MF: C61H99ClN2O4
  • MW: 959.90300
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Calmagite

Calmagite is a complexometric indicator which can be used to detect calcium and magnesium in various samples.

  • CAS Number: 3147-14-6
  • MF: C17H14N2O5S
  • MW: 358.368
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 300ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bathophenanthroline

Bathophenanthroline is an agent used for the measurement of iron concentrations in aqueous , serum and urine samples by colorimetry.

  • CAS Number: 1662-01-7
  • MF: C24H16N2
  • MW: 332.397
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 543.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 218-220 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 242.1±21.4 °C

Acridine Orange 10-Nonyl Bromide

Acridine Orange 10-Nonyl Bromide is a fluorescent probe for cardiolipin (λex: 489 nm, λem: 525 nm).

  • CAS Number: 75168-11-5
  • MF: C26H38BrN3
  • MW: 472.50400
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: ≥250ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

calcein

Calcein is a fluorescent dye and self-quenching probe, used as an indicator of lipid vesicle leakage, and also as a complexometric indicator for titration of calcium ions with EDTA, and for fluorometric determination of calcium.

  • CAS Number: 1461-15-0
  • MF: C30H26N2O13
  • MW: 622.533
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 952.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 200 °C
  • Flash Point: 530.0±34.3 °C

Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-AFC

Ac-DEVD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate (λex=400 nm, λem=530 nm).

  • CAS Number: 201608-14-2
  • MF: C30H34F3N5O13
  • MW: 729.612
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1152.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 650.9±34.3 °C

Hoechst 33258

Hoechst 33258 is a fluorescent dye that emits blue fluorescence when bound to dsDNA.

  • CAS Number: 23491-44-3
  • MF: C25H24N6O
  • MW: 424.49800
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.337 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 643.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 314ºC
  • Flash Point: 342.7ºC